1Preface
10011.4 Root Disease Management
21.The Concept of Forest Health
10111.4.1 Landscape Wide Hazard and Risk Assessment
31.1 Introduction
10211.4.2 Prescription Walkthrough
41.2 Symptoms of Forest Health Problems
10311.4.3 Disease Assessment and Stratification Surveys
51.3 Present Health Status of the World’s Forests
10411.4.4 Future Stand Risk Assessment
61.4 References
10511.4.5 Evaluation and Final Prescription
72.Ecological Principles and Forest Ecology
10611.5 References
82.1 Introduction
10712.Foliage Diseases and Rusts
92.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Forests
10812.1 Introduction
102.2.1 Abiotic Factors
10912.1.1 Foliage Diseases
112.2.2 Biotic Factors
11012.1.2 Rusts
122.3 Production Ecology
11112.2 Common Types of Foliage Diseases and Rusts
132.4 Ecological Succession
11212.2.1 Foliage Diseases
142.4.1 Factors Affecting Succession
11312.2.2 Rusts
152.4.2 Types of Succession
11412.3 References
162.5 Ecosystem Management
11513.Forest Declines
172.6 References
11613.1 Introduction
183.Fire as a Physical Process
11713.2 Direct and Indirect Causes of Forest Decline
193.1 Introduction
11813.3 The Concept of Decline Diseases
203.2 The Elements of Fire Behavior
11913.4 Sustainable Management of Forest Health
213.2.1 Fuels
12013.4.1 Localised Management and Participatory Decision Making
223.2.2 Weather
12113.4.2 Landscape Planning
233.2.3 Topography
12213.5 References
243.3 Fire Behavior Prediction
12314.Management of Forest Diseases
253.4 References
12414.1 Introduction
264.Fire Ecology and Fire Regimes
12514.2 Timing of Disease Control Measures
274.1 Introduction
12614.3 Survey of Diseases
284.2 Fire Adaptations of Plants
12714.4 Forest Disease Management
294.3 Predicting Tree Mortality from Fire
12814.4.1 Disease Surveys
304.4 Fire Regimes of North America
12914.4.2 Intensive Disease Management Situations
314.4.1 Ponderosa Pine Forests
13014.5 Forest Nurseries
324.4.2 Coastal Douglas Fir Forests
13114.5.1 Seed Orchards
334.4.3 Western Subalpine Forests
13214.5.2 Pest Resistance to Fungicides
344.4.4 Jack Pine Forests
13314.6 References
354.5 Wildfire Rehabilitation
13415.Introduction to Forest Entomology
364.6 References
13515.1 Introduction
375.Organising for Fire Management
13615.2 Insect: The Basic Idea
385.1 Introduction
13715.3 History
395.2 Fire Prevention and Detection
13815.4 Important Contributions
405.3 References
13915.4.1 As the Indicators of the Environment
416.Fire Strategies for Forest Health
14015.4.2 For Anthropology/ Archaeology
426.1 Introduction
14115.4.3 Forensic Entomology
436.2 Forest Structure and Fire Behaviors
14215.4.4 Medical Entomology
446.3 Landscape Approaches to Fuel Treatments
14315.4.5 Fruit Fly Research
456.4 Prescribed Fire
14415.5 References
466.5 Wildfire Use
14516.Basic Entomology
476.6 History of Wildland Fire Use
14616.1 Introduction
486.7 Use of Wildland Fire
14716.2 The Insects
496.8 References
14816.3 Insect Body
507.Wind and Forest Health
14916.4 References
517.1 Introduction
15017.Principles of Forest Insect Management
527.2 Forest Management Strategies
15117.1 Introduction
537.3 References
15217.2 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
548.Introduction to Diseases
15317.3 Forest Health Management: 17.3.1 Insects and the Diseases they Transmit on their Hosts
558.1 Introduction
15417.4 Management of Diseases and Native Insects: 17.4.1 Introduced Pests Management
568.2 History of Forest Pathology
15517.5 Insect Management
578.3 The Disease Cycle
15617.5.1 Economic Thresholds
588.4 Fungi
15717.5.2 Common Forest Pests in the US
598.5 Bacteria
15817.6 References
608.6 Viruses
15918.Insect Defoliators
618.7 Nematodes
16018.1 Introduction
628.8 References
16118.2 Classification and Detection of the Defoliators
639.Abiotic (Non - biological) and Animal-caused Injuries
16218.2.1 Classification by the Pattern of Defoliation
649.1 Introduction
16318.2.2 Classification by the Type of Structures that are Created at the time of Feeding
659.2 The Pattern of Abiotic Injuries
16418.2.3 Scientific Insect Order Classification
669.2.1 Climate
16518.2.4 Classification by the Time of Feeding of Various Insects
679.2.2 Soil
16618.3 Major Defoliators and their Management
689.2.3 Topography
16718.3.1 Pandora Moth
699.3 Causes of Abiotic Injuries or Abiotic Diseases
16818.3.2 Larch Casebearer
709.3.1 Injuries Caused by Temperature Extremes
16918.3.3 Variable Oakleaf Caterpillar
719.3.2 Low Soil Oxygen
17018.3.4 Pine Butterfly
729.3.3 Air Pollution
17118.3.5 Spring and Fall Cankerworms
739.3.4 Herbicides
17218.4 References
749.3.5 Mechanical Injuries
17319.Bark Beetles and their Management
759.3.6 Nutrient Deficiencies
17419.1 Introduction
769.3.7 Animal Damage
17519.2 Management of Bark Beetles
779.4 References
17619.2.1 Cultural Control
7810.Disease-causing Organisms
17719.2.2 Biological Control
7910.1 Introduction
17819.2.3 Chemical Control
8010.2 Fundamental Procedures in Plant Disease Identification
17919.3 Common Types of Beetles
8110.2.1 Infectious Diseases
18019.3.1 Red Turpentine Beetle
8210.2.2 Non-infectious Diseases
18119.3.2 Western Pine Beetle
8310.2.3 Development of Disease in Plants
18219.3.3 Elm Bark Beetles
8410.3 Disease Cycle
18319.4 References
8510.3.1 Inoculation
18420.Wood Product Insects
8610.3.2 Pre-penetration
18520.1 Wood-boring Insects: An Introduction
8710.3.3 Penetration
18620.1.1 Beetles
8810.3.4 Infection
18720.1.2 Woodworm
8910.3.5 Invasion
18820.1.3 The Death Watch Beetle
9010.4 References
18920.1.4 Anobiumpunctatum - The Common Furniture Beetle
9111.Root Diseases
19020.1.5 Bostrichidae
9211.1 Introduction
19120.1.6 The False Powder Post Beetles
9311.2 Types of Root Diseases (Symptoms, Hosts and Effects)
19220.1.7 Powder Post Beetles
9411.2.1 Armillaria Root Disease
19320.1.8 Old House Borer, House Longhorn Beetle
9511.2.2 Annosus Root Disease
19420.1.9 Anoplophora Longhorn Beetles
9611.2.3 Laminated Root Rot
19520.1.10 Wharf Borer
9711.2.4 Schweinitzii Root and Butt Rot
19620.1.11 Bark Beetles
9811.2.5 Black Stain Root Disease
19720.2 References
9911.3 Interactions among Fire, Insects and Root Disease-causing Pathogens
198Index
