6The Categories and Predication
66The Heap
7Validity Versus Truth
67Russell's Catastrophe
8The Achievement and Its Limits
68The Unexpected Hanging
9The Instrument of Thought
69Newcomb's Problem
10Chapter 2: The Stoic Contribution
70The Philosophical Significance
11A Different Starting Point
71Living with Paradox
12Chrysippus and the Five Indemonstrables
72Chapter 9: The Limits of Proof
13The Logic of Propositions
73Hilbert's Programme
14The Liar Paradox
74Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem
15The Nature of Conditionals
75The Second Incompleteness Theorem
16The Eclipse of Stoic Logic
76Philosophical Implications
17Rediscovery and Recognition
77Responses and Interpretations
18Two Traditions
78The Proof Strategy
19Chapter 3: The Medieval Laboratory
79Impact on Computer Science
20Recovery and Transmission
80Practical Significance
21The Theory of Supposition
81The Boundary of Thought
22The Sophismata Tradition
82Chapter 10: The Thinking Machine
23Modal Logic
83Logic as Computation
24Ockham's Revolution
84Turing's Universal Machine
25Terminist Logic
85The Church-Turing Thesis
26The Achievement
86Uncomputability
27The Transmission to Modernity
87Logic Programming
28Chapter 4: The Anatomy of Arguments
88Artificial Intelligence as Applied Logic
29Validity: The Core Concept
89Can Machines Reason?
30Validity Versus Soundness
90Formal Verification
31Formal Fallacies
91The Limits of Computation
32Informal Fallacies
92The Continuing Synthesis
33Recognizing Fallacies in Practice
93Chapter 11: The Philosopher's Toolkit
34The Limits of Formal Analysis
94Logic in Philosophical Arguments
35The Practical Value
95Clarifying Concepts
36Chapter 5: The Weight of Evidence
96Identifying Hidden Assumptions
37The Nature of Induction
97Fallacies in Public Discourse
38Hume's Problem
98Critical Thinking in Practice
39Mill's Methods
99Cognitive Biases and Logic
40Probability and Bayesian Reasoning
100Logic and the Law
41The Confirmation Problem
101Science and Logic
42The Limits of Induction
102Everyday Reasoning
43Induction in Science
103The Limits of Logic
44The Ubiquity of Inductive Reasoning
104The Enduring Value
45Chapter 6: The Symbolic Revolution
105Epilogue: The Architecture of Reason
46The Inadequacy of Traditional Logic
106The Unity and Diversity of Logic
47Frege's Revolution
107The Practical and the Theoretical
48The Logicist Programme
108The Human and the Mechanical
49Russell's Paradox
109The Future of Logic
50Principia Mathematica
110The Examined Argument
51The Impact
111The Living Tradition
52The Limits of Logicism
112The Discipline of Thought
53The New Landscape
113The Architecture Revealed
54Chapter 7: The Realm of Necessity
114Appendix A: Timeline
55The Basic Concepts
115Appendix B: Annotated Further Reading
56Medieval Foundations
116Primary Sources
57The Modern Revival
117Secondary Sources: Introductions
58Possible Worlds Semantics
118Secondary Sources: Historical and Philosophical
59Applications in Philosophy
119Secondary Sources: Specialized Studies
60Applications Beyond Philosophy
120Contemporary Applications
