1Preface
1384.3.1 Geology
2Chapter 1. An Overview of Hazards and Disasters
1394.3.2 Morphology
31.1 Disaster: Definition and Concept
1404.3.3 Human Activity
41.1.1 Risk and Disaster Risk
1414.3.4 Landslide Mitigation and Prevention
51.1.2 Vulnerability
142Landslide Mitigation Techniques
61.1.3 Coping Capacity
143Retaining Walls Brick, Stone, or Block
71.1.4 Resilience
144Concrete
81.2 A Historical Overview of Disasters
145Soil Nailing
9Ancient History
146Ground Anchor Wall
10Modern Times
147Horizontal Drain to Dewater the Landslide
11The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
148Hire a pro
121.3 Types of Hazards
149Wrap Up
131.3.1 Natural Hazards
1504.3.5 Why Study Landslides?
141.3.2 Technological Hazards
1514.4 What is a debris flow?
151.3.3 Hazards Based on Their Nature
1524.4.1 Definition
161.3.4 Some More Workplace Hazards
1534.4.2 Types of Flows
171.4 Natural Hazards and Disasters
1544.4.3 Causes of Flows
18(A) Earthquake
1554.4.4 Prevention Methods
19(B) Flood
1564.4.5 Measuring the Forces Generated by Erosive Debris Flows
20(C) Cyclone
1574.4.6 What is the Difference Between a Debris Flow and A Mudflow?
21Natural Disasters
1584.5 Exercise
22Weather and Climate
159Chapter 5. Risk and Vulnerability Assessment in Disaster Management
23Geological Disasters
1605.1 What is vulnerability and risk in disaster management?
24Diseases and other Biological Threats
1615.1.1 What is Vulnerability?
25Disaster from Space
1625.1.2 What is Risk?
26Natural and Human Factors
163Components of Risk
27Natural Hazard Disclosure
164Likelihood
281.5 Man-made Hazards and Disaster
165Quantitative Representation of Likelihood
291.6 Causes and Effects of Various Hazards
166Qualitative Representation of Likelihood
301.7 Characteristics of Hazards
167Consequence
31Permanent Characteristics of Hazard Occurrence
168Deaths/fatalities
32Hazard Identity
169Injuries
33Nature
170Damages
34Intensity
171Qualitative Representation of Consequence
35Extent
1725.2 The Need for Assessment
36Predictability
1735.2.1 isaster Risk Assessment Process
37Manageability
1745.2.2 Steps in Risk Assessment
38Temporal Characteristics of Hazard
1755.2.3 Trends in Disaster Risk
39Frequency
176Changes in Disaster Frequency
40Duration
177Changes in Disaster Consequences
41Speed of Onset
1781. Population growth
42Forewarning
1792. Land pressure
431.8 Disaster Factors
1803. Economic growth
44Political Factors
1814. Technological innovation
45Economic Factors
1825. Social expectations
46Physical Factors
1836. Growing interdependence
47Social Factors
1845.3 Risk Analysis and Consequence Values
48Environmental Factors
1855.3.1 Depth of Analysis
491.9 Exercise
186Quantitative Analysis of Disaster Likelihood
50Chapter 2. Earthquakes and Volcanoes
187Quantitative Analysis of Disaster Consequences
512.1 An Overview of Earthquakes
188Historical Data
522.1.1 The Epicenter, Focus, and Waves
189Deaths/Fatalities and Injuries
532.1.2 Seismology
190Modeling Techniques
542.1.3 How Are Earthquakes Measured?
191Abbreviated Damage Consequence Analysis
552.1.4 Earthquake Intensity
192Full Damage Consequence Analysis
562.1.5 Earthquake Magnitude
193Losses to structures
572.2 Locating an Earthquake Epicenter
194Losses to structure use and function and cost of displacement
582.3 Hazards from Earthquakes
1955.4 Risk Evaluation: The Purpose of Evaluating Risk
592.4 Induced Seismicity
1965.5 Acceptability of Risks in Disasters
602.5 The Nature of Earthquakes
197Personal
612.6 Causes of earthquakes
198Political/Social
622.6.1 Natural Forces
199Economic
632.6.2 Tectonics
2005.6 Exercise
642.6.3 Volcanism
201Chapter 6. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
652.6.4 Artificial Induction
2026.1 Introduction
662.6.5 Reservoir Induction
2036.2 The Evolution of the Study of Disasters and Risk
672.6.6 Seismology and Nuclear Explosions
2046.2.1 Social Science Perspective
682.7 Effects of earthquakes
2056.2.2 Natural Science Perspective
692.7.1 Tsunamis
2066.2.3 Contemporary Study of Disaster Risk
702.7.2 Ground Shaking
207Constructivism
712.7.3 Ground Rupture
208Objectivism
722.7.4 Landslides
2096.3 Disaster Risk Reduction
732.7.5 Liquefaction, Subsidence, and Related Effects
2106.3.1 A Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
742.7.6 Fires
2116.3.2 Transdisciplinary Nature of Disaster Risk Reduction
752.8 Volcanoes
2126.3.3 Disaster Risk Governance
762.8.1 List of The World’s Major Volcanoes
2136.3.4 Disaster Risk Management
772.8.2 Why Do Volcanoes Erupt?
2146.3.5 How do we Reduce Risk?
782.8.3 Shapes and Sizes of Volcanoes
215Prevention
792.8.4 Types of Volcanic Hazards
216Mitigation
802.8.5 Hazards Prevention
217Transfer
812.9 How are volcanoes and earthquakes related?
218Preparedness
822.10 Exercise
2196.3.6 Identifying and Understanding Risk: The Foundation of Risk Reduction
83Chapter 3. Tropical Cyclones and Tsunamis
220Risk identification
843.1 Anatomy of a Tropical Cyclone
221Risk reduction
853.1.1 The Eye
222Preparedness
863.1.2 The Eyewall
223Financial protection
873.1.3 Rainbands
224Resilient reconstruction
883.2 Life of a Cyclone
2256.4 Interaction of Hazards, Vulnerability and Disaster Risk
893.2.1 Formation of a Cyclone
2266.4.1 Understanding Vulnerability
903.2.2 Intensification
227Political factors
913.2.3 Dissipation
228Economic factors
923.3 Effects of Tropical Cyclones
229Physical factors
933.3.1 Horizontal Wind
230Social factors
943.3.2 Tornadoes
231Environmental factors
953.3.3 Gusts, Downbursts, and Swirls
2326.4.2 The Progression of Vulnerability and Safety
963.3.4 The Storm Surge
2336.5 Modern Disaster Management— a Four-Phase Approach
973.3.5 Rainfall
2341. Mitigation
983.4 Measurement of Tropical Cyclones
2352. Preparedness
993.4.1 Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
2363. Response
100Category 1
2376.5.1 International Disaster Management
101Category 2
2386.5.2 United Nations and Disaster Management
102Category 3
2396.5.3 Disaster Risk Management vs. Disaster Management
103Category 4
2406.6 Disasters, Poverty, and Development
104Category 5
2416.7 Trends in Disasters
1053.4.2 Intensity Scales
242Trend 1: The Overall Number of People Affected by Disasters is rising
1063.4.3 Naming Systems
243Trend 2: Overall, Disasters are Becoming Less Deadly
1073.5 Location and Patterns of Tropical Cyclones
244Trend 3: Overall, Disasters Are Becoming More Costly
1083.5.1 Ocean Basins and Peak Seasons
245Trend 4: Poor Countries Are Disproportionately Affected by Disaster Consequences
1093.5.2 Favorable Wind Systems
246Trend 5: The Number of Disasters is Increasing Each Year
1103.5.3 Tropical Cyclone Tracks
2476.8 Climate Change and Adaptation
1113.6 Tracking and Forecasting of Cyclones
2486.8.1 The Causes of Climate Change
1123.6.1 Use of Satellites and Aircraft
2496.8.2 Increasing Vulnerability through Climate Change
1133.6.2 Landfall Forecasts
2506.8.3 Climate Change and Disaster Risk
1143.6.3 Long-Term Forecasts
2516.8.4 Climate Change Adaptation
1153.6.4 Climatic Variations and Tropical Cyclone Frequency
2526.9 Exercise
1163.7 Tsunamis
253Glossary
1173.7.1 Causes of Tsunamis
254References
1183.7.2 Tsunami Movement
255Index
1193.7.3 Tsunami Waves
256A
120Seiche
257B
121Reefs
258C
122Bores
259D
1233.7.4 Large Tsunamis and Earthquakes
260E
1243.7.5 How do Tsunamis Differ from Other Water Waves?
261F
1253.7.6 The Biggest Tsunamis in Modern History
262G
1263.8 Exercise
263H
127Chapter 4. Rockfalls, Landslides, and Debris Flows
264I
1284.1 Rockfalls
265L
1294.1.1 How Does Mass Movement Occur?
266M
1304.1.2 Origin
267N
1314.1.3 Potential Damage and Protection Measures
268O
1324.2 Landslides
269P
1334.2.1 Landslides - Cause and Effect
270R
134Causes of Landside
271S
135Effect of Landslides
272T
1364.2.2 Types of Landslides
273V
1374.3 What Creates Landslides?
274W
