1Data Representation
12Purposes of an Operating System (OS)
2User-defined data types
13Translation Software
3File organisation and access
14Security: Encryption, Encryption Protocols and Digital Certificates
4Floating-point numbers, representation and manipulation
15Artificial Intelligence (AI): Artificial Intelligence (AI)
5Communication and internet technologies
16Computational thinking and Problem-solving
6Protocols
17Algorithms
7Circuit switching, packet switching
18Recursion
8Hardware and Virtual Machines
19Further Programming
9Processors, Parallel Processing and Virtual Machines
20Programming Paradigms
10Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits
21File Processing and Exception Handling
11System Software
22About Author & Publisher