1Preface
14713.5 Management of Natural Resources
2Chapter 1. Agriculture and Climate Change: Global Perspectives
14813.6 Summary
31.1 Introduction
14913.7 Exercise
41.2 Global Climate Change: Concepts and Effects
15013.8 References
51.2.1 What is Climate Change?
151Chapter 14. Potential of Biomass Derived Biochar in Soil Carbon Sequestration and Adaptation to Climate Change
61.2.2 Greenhouse Effect
15214.1 Introduction
71.2.3 Effects of Greenhouse
15314.2 Need for Recycling of Crop Residue into Biochar for Use in Indian Agriculture
81.3 Agriculture and Climate Change: 1.3.1 Impact On Crops
15414.3 Constraints In The Employment Of Crop Residue
91.4 Summary
15514.4 Biochar
101.5 Exercise
15614.4.1 Methodology of Preparation
111.6 References
15714.4.2 Biochar Application technique
12Chapter 2. Agroforestry in Arid Regions for Combating Climate Change
15814.4.3 Biochar Application Rates
132.1 Introduction to Agroforestry
15914.4.4 Biomass Resources for Biochar Production
142.2 Methods of Agroforestry
16014.4.5 Benefits of Biochar Incorporation in Soil
152.2.1 Alley Cropping
16114.4.6 Soil C Sequestration by Biochar
162.2.2 WindBreaks: Design Consideration of windbreaks
16214.5 Biochar and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction to Tackle Climate Change
172.2.3 Forest Farming: Forest Farming Methods
16314.6 Influence of Biochar on Soil quality and Fertility Improvement
182.2.4 Silvopasture
16414.7 Impact of Biochar on Crop Productivity
192.3 Agroforestry in Arid regions
16514.8 Biochar to Counter Climate Change
202.4 Summary
16614.9 Constraints to adopt Biochar Systems
212.5 Exercise
16714.10 Summary
222.6 References
16814.11 Exercise
23Chapter 3. Agroforestry in Global Perspective
16914.12 References
243.1 GORONGOSA National Park, Mozambique
170Chapter 15. Agri-Horti and Horti-Pastural Cropping Systems for Climate Resilience
253.2 Silvopasture Techniques in PANAMA
17115.1 Horticultural Crops
263.3 Morocco’s mountain women
17215.1.1 Fruits
273.4 Agroforestry in Southern Ethiopia
17315.1.2 Vegetables
283.5 Young farmers using agroforestry in Sardinia
17415.1.3 Mushroom
293.6 Summary
17515.2 Horticulture Based Agroforestry Systems
303.7 Exercise
17615.3 Horticultural Agroforestry System for Climate change
313.8 References
17715.4 Farm Pond Water Harvesting System
32Chapter 4. Agroforestry in Watersheds for Natural Resource Management and Livelihood Security
17815.5 Micro Site Improvement
334.1 Introduction to watersheds
17915.6 Intercropping Annual Crops Under fruit Trees
344.2 Agroforestry in watersheds
18015.7 Summary
354.3 Agroforestry systems used in watershed
18115.8 Exercise
364.3.1 Maize Agroforestry
18215.9 References
374.3.2 Alley Cropping
183Chapter 16. Root Studies on Crops/Trees in the context of Adaptation and Mitigation for Climate Change
384.3.3 Boundary Planting
18416.1 Introduction
394.3.4 Bush Farming
18516.2 Root response to increased temperature
404.4 Evaluation of Multi-purpose Trees
18616.3 Temperature sensing in Roots
414.5 Summary
18716.4 Root Studying Methods
424.6 Exercise
18816.4.1 Root Dynamics
434.7 References
18916.4.2 Root Architecture
445 Traditional Agroforestry Systems And Their Relevance In Combating Climate Change
19016.4.3 Root Decomposition
455.1 Introduction to traditional Agroforestry
19116.5 Summary
465.2 Traditional Agroforestry in GIAHS Concept
19216.6 Exercise
475.3 Traditional Agroforestry Systems Around the world
19316.7 References
485.3.1 Traditional Agroforestry in Eastern Himalaya Region: Cardamom-based traditional agroforestry:
194Chapter 17. Techniques of Assessing Soil Health in farming Systems
495.3.2 Traditional Agroforestry systems in Tanzania
19517.1 Introduction
50Chagga Home Gardens:
19617.2 Soil Quality
51Metengo Ngoro-Pit System:
19717.3 Soil health
52Ngitili Agroforestry System:
19817.4 Soil Functions
535.3.3 Traditional Agroforestry in Kenya
19917.5 Assessment Procedures of Soil
545.4 Summary
20017.5.1 Quality Indicators
555.5 Exercise
201Physical Attributes:
565.6 References
202Chemical Attributes:
57Chapter 6. Tree Borne Oilseeds
203Biological Attributes:
586.1 Agroforestry systems of Tree-borne oilseeds
204Soil Texture:
596.1.1 Limitation of TBOs Agroforestry
205Available Water capacity:
606.1.2 Species of Tree-Borne Oilseeds
206Surface and subsurface Hardness:
616.1.3 Production Potential of Tree-borne Oil Seeds
207Wet Aggregate Stability:
62Planting Material:
208Organic Matter:
63Seed and Oil Yields:
209Soil respiration:
64LifeSpan:
21017.5.2 Soil-Quality Modelling
656.2 Summary
21117.6 Implementation of Soil-quality assessment
666.3 Exercise
21217.6.1 Data Warehousing
676.4 References
21317.6.2 Modelling Integration
68Chapter 7. Soil and Water Conservation Measures for Tree-Based Systems
21417.6.3 Application Tools
697.1 Introduction
21517.7 Summary
707.2 Concept of soil and water conservation
21617.8 Exercise
717.3 Positive effects of agroforestry on soil and water
21717.9 References
727.4 Agroforestry for erosion control: Land degradation - a global concern:
218Chapter 18. Insect Pest Dynamics in Response to Climate Change
737.5 Concept of soil and water conservation
21918.1 Introduction
747.6 Traditional Agroforestry system of South Asia
22018.2 Insect Pests and Agroforestry
757.7 Summary
22118.3 Climate Change and Insect Pests
767.8 Exercise
22218.3.1 Effect Of Carbon Dioxide On Insect Pests
777.9 References
22318.3.2 Effect Of Temperature On Insect Pests
78Chapter 8. Managing Component Interaction in Agroforestry for Higher Yields
22418.3.3 Effects of Changing Rainfall Pattern in Insects
798.1 Components of Agroforestry
22518.4 Summary
808.2 Factors that affect Tree-Crop interaction
22618.5 Exercise
818.2.1 Effect Of Sunlight
22718.6 References
828.2.2 Effect Of Species
228Chapter 19. Climate-Smart Farm Machinery for Agroforestry
838.2.3 Effect Of Density
22919.1 Introduction to Farm Machinery
848.2.4 Effect Of Age
23019.1.1 Horticulture
858.2.5 Effect Of Site Factors
231Pesticide Sprayer
868.2.6 Effect Of Management
232Lawnmower with Utility Cart
878.2.7 Tree-Crop Studies
233Greenhouse Irrigation System
888.3 Effects of Crop-Tree Interaction
234Wood Chipper
898.3.1 Above Ground Competition
235Rotary Spreader
908.3.2 Below-ground Competition
23619.1.2 Livestock
918.4 Light Capture in Discontinuous two-layers Canopies
237Automated feeding system
928.4.1 Predicting Tree Growth From Tree C Capture
238Incubator
938.4.2 Incorporating The Micro-Climate Feedback On Tree-Crop Physiology
239Milking Machines
948.4.3 Describing Plasticity Of Tree Rooting Systems
240Automated Watering System
958.5 Major tree-crop models available
24119.1.3 Forestry
968.5.1 Wanulcas 2.0
242Delimbers
978.5.2 STICS-CA
243Harvesters
988.6 Summary
244Forwarders
998.7 Exercise
24519.1.4 Crop Production
1008.8 References
246Tractors
101Chapter 9. Inventory and Assessment of Trees Outside Forests Using Remote Sensing and GIS
247Planters
1029.1 Remote Sensing and GIS
248Plow
1039.2 Remote sensing and GIS in agriculture
24919.2 Global Positioning System
1049.3 Objectives
25019.3 Geographic Information System
1059.4 Methodology Using Remote Sensing Data
25119.4 Summary
1069.5 Summary
25219.5 Exercise
1079.6 Exercise
25319.6 References
1089.7 References
254Chapter 20. Improving Soil Health and Crop Productivity amidst Climate Change through Conservation Agriculture
109Chapter 10. Capture Of Light And Water And Their Utilization In the Agroforestry System
25520.1 Predominant Causes of Land and Soil Degradation
11010.1 Introduction
25620.2 Likely Effect of Climate Change and its Variability on Soil Quality
11110.2 Solar Energy Interception
25720.3 Effect of Rising Temperature
11210.3 Energy Interception by Discontinuous and Multi-Storey Canopies
25820.4 Effects of Climate Change on Soil Fertility and Erosion
11310.4 Measurement of Necessary Parameters
25920.5 Impact on diverseness
11410.5 Management of Increasing Radiation Interception
26020.6 Conservation Agriculture
11510.6 Summary
26120.7 Conservation Agricultural in Rain-fed Areas
11610.7 Exercise
26220.8 Role of Conservation Agriculture in Mitigating the Adverse result of global climate change
11710.8 References
26320.8.1 Soil Temperature
118Chapter 11. Adaptation Strategies to Cope with Climate Variability: A Techno-Social Approach
26420.8.2 Soil Aggregation
11911.1 Introduction
26520.8.3 Well-Aggregated Soil conjointly Resists Surface Crusting
12011.2 Impact of Climate Change
26620.8.4 Soil Density and Porosity
12111.3.1 Natural Resources
26720.8.5 Effects on different Physical Properties
12211.3.2 Crop Production
26820.8.6 Result on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Fertility
12311.3.3 Livestock and Fisheries
26920.9 Conservation Agriculture and Agroforestry System: 20.9.1 Promotion of Conservation Farming- Steps
12411.3.4 Institutional Interventions
27020.10 Summary
12511.4 Mitigation
27120.11 Exercise
12611.5 Summary
27220.12 References
12711.6 Exercise
273Glossary
12811.7 References
274Index
129Chapter 12. Carbon Sequestration Potential in Agroforestry Systems
275A
13012.1 Introduction
276B
13112.2 Measuring carbon sequestered in Agroforestry System
277C
13212.2.1 Above Biomass Measurements
278D
133Remote Sensing:
279E
134GIS Method:
280F
13512.3 Below Ground (Soils)
281G
13612.4 Below ground Living Biomass
282H
13712.5 Modelling
283I
13812.6 Carbon Sequestration in Tree Biomass: 12.6.1 Agrisilvicultural Systems
284L
13912.7 Summary
285M
14012.8 Exercise
286N
14112.9 References
287P
142Chapter 13. Adaptation and Mitigation to Climate Change through a Network Project: Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture
288Q
14313.1 Introduction
289R
14413.2 Key Features of NICRA
290S
14513.3 The Unique Features of NICRA
291T
14613.4 Crop Improvement for Changing Climate
292W
