Philosophy

The Critique of Pure Reason

By Immanuel Kant

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The Critique of Pure Reason was a critique of the pretensions of pure theoretical reason to attain metaphysical truths beyond the ken of applied theoretical reason. Its conclusion was that pure theoretical reason must be restrained, because it produces confused arguments when applied outside its sphere.

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GenrePhilosophy

Length23 hrs 48 mins

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Publish dateMay 10, 2022

LanguageEnglish

1PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 1781

55TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF THE FACULTY OF JUDGEMENT OR, ANALYTIC OF PRINCIPLES

2PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 1787

56Chapter I. Of the Schematism at of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding

3Introduction

57Chapter II. System of all Principles of the Pure Understanding

4I. Of the difference between Pure and Empirical Knowledge

58Section I. Of the Supreme Principle of all Analytical Judgements

5II. The Human Intellect, even in an Unphilosophical State, is in Possession of Certain Cognitions “à priori”.

59Section II. Of the Supreme Principle of all Synthetical Judgements

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6III. Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall Determine the Possibility, Principles, and Extent of Human Knowledge “à priori”

60Section III. Systematic Representation of all Synthetical Principles of the Pure Understanding (pt. 1)

7IV. Of the Difference Between Analytical and Synthetical Judgements.

61Section III. Systematic Representation of all Synthetical Principles of the Pure Understanding (pt. 2)

8V. In all Theoretical Sciences of Reason, Synthetical Judgements “à priori” are contained as Principles.

62Chapter III Of the Ground of the Division of all Objects into Phenomena and Noumena

9VI. The Universal Problem of Pure Reason.

63APPENDIX

10VII. Idea and Division of a Particular Science, under the Name of a Critique of Pure Reason.

64SECOND DIVISION—TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC

11I. TRANSCENDENTAL DOCTRINE OF ELEMENTS.

65TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC. INTRODUCTION.

12FIRST PART. TRANSCENDENTAL ÆSTHETIC.

66I. Of Transcendental Illusory Appearance

13I. Introductory.

67II. Of Pure Reason as the Seat of Transcendental Illusory Appearance

14SECTION I. Of Space.

68TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC—BOOK I—OF THE CONCEPTIONS OF PURE REASON.

152. Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception.

69Section I—Of Ideas in General

163. Transcendental Exposition of the Conception of Space.

70Section II. Of Transcendental Ideas

174. Conclusions from the foregoing Conceptions.

71Section III. System of Transcendental Ideas

18SECTION II. Of Time.

72TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC—BOOK II—OF THE DIALECTICAL PROCEDURE OF PURE REASON

195. Metaphysical Exposition of this Conception.

73Chapter I. Of the Paralogisms of Pure Reason

206 Transcendental Exposition of the Conception of Time.

74Chapter II. The Antinomy of Pure Reason

217. Conclusions from the above Conceptions.

75Section I. System of Cosmological Ideas

228. Elucidation.

76Section II. Antithetic of Pure Reason

239. General Remarks on Transcendental Æsthetic.

77Section III. Of the Interest of Reason in these Self-contradictions

2410. Conclusion of the Transcendental Æsthetic.

78Section IV. Of the necessity imposed upon Pure Reason of presenting a Solution of its Transcendental Problems

25Second Part—TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC

79Section V. Sceptical Exposition of the Cosmological Problems presented in the four Transcendental Ideas

26INTRODUCTION. Idea of a Transcendental Logic.

80Section VI. Transcendental Idealism as the Key to the Solution of Pure Cosmological Dialectic

27I. Of Logic in General.

81Section VII. Critical Solution of the Cosmological Problem

28II. Of Transcendental Logic.

82Section VIII. Regulative Principle of Pure Reason in relation to the Cosmological Ideas

29III. Of the Division of General Logic into Analytic and Dialectic.

83Section IX. Of the Empirical Use of the Regulative Principle of Reason with regard to the Cosmological Ideas

30IV. Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Transcendental Analytic and Dialectic.

84I. Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Composition of Phenomena in the Universe

31FIRST DIVISION. TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC. TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYTIC. 1

85II. Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Division of a Whole given in Intuition

32BOOK I. Analytic of Conceptions. 2

86III. Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Deduction of Cosmical Events from their Causes

33Chapter I. Of the Transcendental Clue to the Discovery of all Pure Conceptions of the Understanding

87IV. Solution of the Cosmological Idea of the Totality of the Dependence of Phenomenal Existences

34Introductory 3

88Chapter III. The Ideal of Pure Reason

35Section I. Of the Logical Use of the Understanding in General 4

89Section I. Of the Ideal in General

36Section II. Of the Logical Function of the Understanding in Judgements 5

90Section II. Of the Transcendental Ideal (Prototypon Trancendentale)

37Section III. Of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding, or Categories 6

91Section III. Of the Arguments employed by Speculative Reason in Proof of the Existence of a Supreme Being

38Chapter II. Of the Deduction of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding

92Section IV. Of the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the Existence of God

39Section I. Of the Principles of a Transcendental Deduction in general 9

93Section V. Of the Impossibility of a Cosmological Proof of the Existence of God

40Transition to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories 10

94Section VI. Of the Impossibility of a Physico-Theological Proof

41Section II Transcendental Deduction of the pure Conceptions of the Understanding

95Section VII. Critique of all Theology based upon Speculative Principles of Reason

42Of the Possibility of a Conjunction of the manifold representations given by Sense 11.

96APPENDIX. Of the Regulative Employment of the Ideas of Pure Reason

43Of the Originally Synthetical Unity of Apperception 12

97II. Transcendental Doctrine of Method

44The Principle of the Synthetical Unity of Apperception is the highest Principle of all exercise of the Understanding 13

98Chapter I. The Discipline of Pure Reason

45What Objective Unity of Self-consciousness is 14

99Section I. The Discipline of Pure Reason in the Sphere of Dogmatism

46The Logical Form of all Judgements consists in the Objective Unity of Apperception of the Conceptions contained therein 15

100Section II. The Discipline of Pure Reason in Polemics

47All Sensuous Intuitions are subject to the Categories, as Conditions under which alone the manifold Content of them can be united in one Consciousness 16

101Section III. The Discipline of Pure Reason in Hypothesis

48Observation 17

102Section IV. The Discipline of Pure Reason in Relation to Proofs

49In Cognition, its Application to Objects of Experience is the only legitimate use of the Category 18

103Chapter II. The Canon of Pure Reason

50Of the Application of the Categories to Objects of the Senses in general 20

104Section I. Of the Ultimate End of the Pure Use of Reason

51Transcendental Deduction of the universally possible employment in experience of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding 22

105Section II. Of the Ideal of the Summum Bonum as a Determining Ground of the Ultimate End of Pure Reason

52Result of this Deduction of the Conceptions of the Understanding 23

106Section III. Of Opinion, Knowledge, and Belief

53BOOK II. Analytic of Principles