The Basis of Morality

By Arthur Schopenhauer
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Length6h 42m

About this audiobook

Investigate the true source of human kindness in a world driven by self-interest. This treatise rejects religious commands to establish compassion as the sole genuine moral incentive. By analyzing the conflict between egoism and malice, the text builds a secular foundation for ethics. A powerful argument that connects the suffering of one to the suffering of all.

Audiobook details

GenrePhilosophy
Length6 hrs 42 mins
Narrated byListen with 1,000+ voices
FormateBook with Audio
Publish dateFeb 23, 2026
LanguageEnglish

Table of contents

1THE PROBLEM.
2GENERAL RETROSPECT.
3CRITIQUE OF KANT'S BASIS OF ETHICS.
4PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
5ON THE IMPERATIVE FORM OF THE KANTIAN ETHICS.
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6ON THE ASSUMPTION OF DUTIES TOWARDS OURSELVES IN PARTICULAR.
7ON THE BASIS OF THE KANTIAN ETHICS.
8ON THE LEADING PRINCIPLE OF THE KANTIAN ETHICS.
9ON THE DERIVED FORMS OF THE LEADING PRINCIPLE OF THE KANTIAN ETHICS.
10KANT'S DOCTRINE OF CONSCIENCE.
11KANT'S DOCTRINE OF THE INTELLIGIBLE [1] AND EMPIRICAL CHARACTER. THEORY OF FREEDOM.
12FICHTE'S ETHICS AS A MAGNIFYING GLASS FOR THE ERRORS OF THE KANTIAN.
13THE FOUNDING OF ETHICS.
14CONDITIONS OF THE PROBLEM.
15SCEPTICAL VIEW.
16ANTIMORAL[1] INCENTIVES.
17CRITERION OF ACTIONS OF MORAL WORTH.
18STATEMENT AND PROOF OF THE ONLY TRUE MORAL INCENTIVE.
19THE VIRTUE OF JUSTICE.
20THE VIRTUE OF LOVING-KINDNESS.
21THE PROOF NOW GIVEN CONFIRMED BY EXPERIENCE.
22CHAPTER IX.
23ON THE METAPHYSICAL EXPLANATION OF THE PRIMAL ETHICAL PHAENOMENON.
24HOW THIS APPENDIX MUST BE UNDERSTOOD.
25THE METAPHYSICAL GROUNDWORK.
26JUDICIUM
27IMPRINT | DISCLAIMER

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