1Preface
885.3 The Economy of Running a Hydroelectric Power plant
21 A Review on Renewable Energy
895.4 Impulse Turbines
31.1 Introduction
905.4.1 Impulse Turbines and its Types
41.2 Why Renewables?
915.4.2 Impulse Turbines and their Various Components
51.3 Fossil Fuels
925.4.3 Working Mechanisms of an Impulse Turbine
61.3.1 Why Fossil Fuels are considered as Non-renewable Sources of Energy?
935.5 Turbines Specific Speed
71.3.2 Fossil Fuel: A boon or a curse
945.6 Run-of-River plants
81.3.3 Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion
955.6.1 Advantages of run-of-river Projects
91.3.4 Renewable Energy Sources
965.6.2 Disadvantages of the run-of-river
101.3.5 Hydropower
975.6.3 Major concerns of the run-of-river
111.3.6 Geothermal Energy
985.7 Water wheels
121.3.7 Wind Energy
995.7.1 Types of Water Wheel
131.3.8 Marine Energy
1005.7.2 Various types of Water Wheel
141.3.9 Bioenergy
1015.7.3 Various Water Developments
151.3.10 Solar Energy
1025.8 Conclusion
161.4 Fossil Fuel and Nuclear Energy
1035.9 Reference
171.4.1 Coal
1046 Geothermal Energy
181.4.2 Natural Gas
1056.1 Introduction
191.4.3 Petroleum
1066.2 Advantages of Geothermal Energy
201.4.4 Nuclear Energy
1076.3 Application of Geothermal Energies
211.5 Electricity
1086.4 Heating Via Geothermal Process: 6.4.1 Annual Energy Consumption using degree-day Method
221.6 References
1096.5 Geothermal Cooling: 6.5.1 Absorption Cooling System
232 Introduction to Thermal Science
1106.6 Geothermal Heat Pump System
242.1 Introduction
1116.6.1 Heat Pump System
252.2 Thermal Science
1126.6.2 Heat Pump Systems that use Groundwater Source
262.3 Thermodynamics
1136.7 Power Production Via Geothermal Methods
272.3.1 Heat and other forms of Energy
1146.8 Geothermal Cogeneration
282.3.2 Specific Heats of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
1156.9 Reference
292.3.3 Energy Transfer
1167 Ocean Energy
302.3.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
1177.1 Introduction
312.3.5 Energy Transfer for a Closed System
1187.1.1 Potential
322.3.6 Energy Transfer for Steady-flow System
1197.1.2 Technology
332.3.7 Saturation Temperature and Saturation Pressure
1207.1.3 Purposes of Technology
342.4 Heat Transfer
1217.2 Tidal Energy
352.4.1 Conduction
1227.2.1 Various Advantages and Disadvantages of Tidal Energy
362.4.2 Thermal Conductivity
1237.2.2 Technologies used in Conservation
372.4.3 Convection
1247.3 Wave Energy
382.4.4 Radiation
1257.4 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
392.5 Fluid Mechanics
1267.5 Marine Energy
402.5.1 Viscosity
1277.6 Various forms of Ocean Energy
412.5.2 Pressure Drop in Fluid Flow in Pipes
1287.7 Development in the Fields of Marine Energy
422.6 Thermochemistry
1297.8 Environmental Effects
432.6.1 Fuels and Combustion
1307.9 Economical Impacts
442.6.2 Theoretical and Actual Combustion Process
1317.10 Ocean Energy and its Benefits
452.6.3 Enthalpy of Combustion
1327.11 Blockades of Ocean Energy
462.6.4 First-law Analysis of Reacting Systems
1337.12 Conclusion
472.7 Heat Engines and Power Plants
1347.13 References
482.7.1 Thermal Efficiency
1358 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
492.7.2 Overall Plant Efficiency
1368.1 Introduction
502.8 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
1378.1.1 Energy Sources
512.9 Conclusion
1388.1.2 Uses of Hydrogen
522.10 References
1398.2 Hydrogen- An Energy Carrier
533 Implications of Solar Energy
1408.2.1 Hydrogen and its Utilization
543.1 Introduction
1418.2.2 Relationship of Hydrogen and Automobiles
553.2 Conservation of Solar Energy
1428.3 Production of Hydrogen
563.2.1 Flat Plate Solar Collector
1438.3.1 Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons
573.2.2 Concentrating Solar Collector
1448.3.2 Hydrogen from non-hydrocarbons Production
583.2.3 Solar Power Tower
1458.3.3 Using Integrated Processes in Hydrogen Production
593.2.4 Solar One
1468.3.4 Final thoughts on Hydrogen Production Processes
603.2.5 Solar Two
1478.4 Storage of Hydrogen and its Distribution
613.2.6 Solar Pond
1488.5 Fuel Cells
623.2.7 Passive Solar Building Design
1498.5.1 Fuel cells and its types
633.2.8 Passive Energy Gain
1508.5.2 Fuel cell and its Thermodynamics
643.3 References
1518.6 References
654 Wind Energy
1529 Renewable Energy and Their Economics
664.1 Introduction
1539.1 Introduction
674.1.1 Wind Energy: The Technology
1549.2 Renewable Energy Sources
684.1.2 Efficiency and Application
1559.3 Economics of engineering
694.1.3 Wind Electricity
1569.4 The Time Value of Money: 9.4.1 Inflation and Taxation on interest rates and their Effects
704.1.4 Wind Pumps
1579.5 Analysis of Life Cycle Costs
714.1.5 An overview of Wind Energy
1589.5.1 Analysis of Cost Benefits
724.2 Development of Wind Energy
1599.5.2 Product Cost per Unit
734.2.1 Potentials
1609.5.3 Comparison of Projects Based on Life Cycle Analysis
744.2.2 Challenges
1619.6 Analysis of Payback Period
754.3 Types of Wind Turbines
1629.7 Conclusion
764.3.1 Horizontal Axis
1639.8 References
774.3.2 Vertical Axis
16410 Environment and Energy
784.3.3 Ducted Wind Turbines
16510.1 Introduction
794.4 Power Performance Curve
16610.2 Air Pollutants
804.5 Potential of Wind Power
16710.2.1 Particulate Matter
814.6 Issues with Wind Energy
16810.2.2 Sulfur Dioxide
824.7 Wind Power Density
16910.2.3 Nitrogen Oxides
834.8 Wind Turbine Efficiency
17010.2.4 Acid Rain, Ozone and Smog
844.9 References
17110.3 Automobiles and Their Emissions: 10.3.1 Catalytic Converters
855 Hydropower
17210.4 The Greenhouse Effect: 10.4.1 Production of Carbon Dioxide
865.1 Introduction
17310.5 References
875.2 Working of Hydropower?
174Index
