1The Pre-Academic Genesis: Trade, Economics, and Early Formations (Pre-1900)
9Omnichannel Ecosystems and Complex Buying Dynamics (2010s–2020s)
2The Traditional Schools of Marketing Thought (1900–1950)
10Corporate Digital Responsibility and Data Ethics (2020–2024)
3The Managerial Paradigm and the Mass Broadcast Era (1950–1970)
11The Renaissance in Advanced Analytics (2024–2025)
4The Functionalist Shift and Systems Theory Applications (1950s–1970s)
12Sustainable Marketing and Climate Adaptation (2025–2026)
5Behavioral Science Integration and Social Exchange (1970s–1990s)
13The Circular Economy and Closed-Loop Marketing Intersections (2026)