1Preface
25814 Greenhouse Construction and Related Equipment
21 History, Nature and Current Scopes of Horticulture
25914.1 Origin and Development of the Greenhouse Industry
31.1 Origination of Horticulture
26014.1.1 Origin of the greenhouse
41.2 Domestication and the Nature of its utilization
26114.1.2 Development of the Greenhouse Industry
51.2.1 Things which are improved in crops to meet current needs
26214.2 The Economy
61.2.2 Ancient Domestication of different plants
26314.3 Requirements for Greenhouse Construction
71.3 History associated with Horticulture
26414.5 Heating and Cooling of Greenhouse: 14.5.1 A Heating process inside the greenhouse
81.4 Scope of Horticulture
26514.6 Ventilation and Air-Movement Equipment for Greenhouses
91.5 Production Scope of Crops for Horticulture
26614.7 Carbon Dioxide Generation Equipment in Greenhouse
101.6 Development of Horticulture
26714.8 Greenhouse Benches
111.7 References
26814.9 Conveyors
122 Divisions of Horticulture
26914.10 Lath Houses
132.1 Introduction
27014.11 Bulb Storage
142.2 Allied Horticultural Industries
27114.12 General Storage: 14.12.1 Cold Storage
152.2.1 Amenity Horticulture
27214.13 Boilers for the Greenhouse Heating System
162.2.2 Arboriculture
27314.14 Emergency Heating Equipment for Greenhouse
172.2.3 Production Horticulture
27414.14.1 Thermal mass
182.2.4 Turf Management
27514.14.2 Gas System
192.2.5 Viticulture
27614.14.3 Hydronic heating system
202.3 The Seed Industry
27714.14.4 Electric heating system
212.4 Horticulture and Society
27814.14.5 Root-Zone Heat
222.5 Ornamentals: 2.5.1 Uses of Biotechnology in Ornamentals
27914.14.6 Thermal energy system
232.6 What Jobs One Can Get in It?
28014.14.7 Hotbeds
242.6.1 Experimentation & Research
28114.15 Other Essential Types of equipment for Greenhouse
252.6.2 Landscaping
28214.15.1 Grow Light
262.6.3 Advising
28314.15.2 Artificial Lights
272.6.4 Administrative
28414.15.3 Incandescent light, Fluorescent lights
282.6.5 Education
28514.15.4 The LED (Light Emitting Diodes)
292.7 References
28614.15.5 MH (Metal Halide)
303 Classifying and Naming Horticulture Plant
28714.15.6 HID (High-Intensity Discharge)
313.1 Classification
28814.15.7 HPS (High-pressure Sodium Light)
323.1.1 Bryophytes
28914.15.8 MH and HPS
333.1.2 Tracheophytes
29014.16 Equipment for Regulation of Irrigation: 14.16.1 Irrigation system
343.2 Scientific and Botanical Systems of Classification
29114.17 Equipment for Handling Fertilizer
353.2.1 Taxonomic Groups
29214.17.1 Fertilizing the plants and crops
363.2.2 Kingdoms
29314.17.2 Maintaining plants nutrition in the retail area
373.2.3 Plantae Kingdom division
29414.18 Equipment for Application of Other Agro-chemicals: 14.18.1 Hydroponic Culture system
383.3 Rules in the classification
29514.19 Equipment for Preparation of Soil for Planting
393.4 Other Systems of Classification
29614.19.1 Crop Rotation
403.4.1 Annuals
29714.19.2 Soil organisms
413.4.2 Biennials
29814.19.3 Green Manure
423.4.3 Perennials
29914.19.4 Soil Erosion
433.5 Classification of Fruits
30014.19.5 Row Crops
443.5.1 Fleshy fruits
30114.19.6 Nitrogen Fixing
453.5.2 Dehiscent Fruits
30214.19.7 Carbon Sequestration
463.5.3 Indehiscent Fruits
30314.19.9 Mineralization
473.5.4 Operational classifications on fruits
30414.20 Pest and Weed Control
483.6 Classification of Vegetables: 3.6.1 Botanical features
30514.20.1 Pest control
493.7 Classification of Ornamental Plants
30614.20.2 Weed management
503.7.1 Flowering perennials
30714.20.3 Mulching
513.7.2 Foliage
30814.20.4 Mulching materials
523.8 Reference
30914.20.5 Biodegradable mulch
534 A Brief about Climate and Weather
31014.20.6 Organic Mulch
544.1 What is Weather?
31114.20.7 Plastic mulch
554.2 What is Climate?
31214.20.8 Colored Mulch
564.2.1 The Solar Radiation: The Key to Climate
31314.20.9 Sour Mulch
574.2.2 Latitude and Sunlight
31414.21 Materials-Handling Equipment
584.3 Adiabatic Processes
31514.21.1 Continuous cropping systems
594.4 Movement of Air masses
31614.21.2 Hydroponic Culture system
604.4.1 Tropical air
31714.21.3 Potted Plant Cropping System
614.4.2 Polar air
31814.22 Reference
624.4.3 Arctic Air
31915 Plant Growth Substances - (Physiological, Molecular, and Agricultural Aspects)
634.5 Ocean Current
32015.1 Plant Hormones: An Introduction
644.5.1 Surface
32115.2 The Plant Hormone Concept
654.5.2 Deep ocean
32215.3 The concept of Sensitivity
664.5.3 Upwelling currents
32315.3.1 Tropism
674.5.4 Influence of the sea
32415.3.2 Nasticism
684.6 Altitude and Landscape
32515.4 Auxin: 15.4.1 Functions of Auxins
694.7 Regional Climates
32615.5 Gibberellins
704.8 Humidity
32715.6 Cytokinins
714.8.1 Meaning of Humidity
32815.7 Ethylene
724.8.2 Formation of Humidity
32915.8 Abscisic Acid
734.8.3 Analysis of Humidity
33015.9 Non-Traditional Growth regulators
744.8.4 Importance of Humidity on Products
33115.9.1 Brassinosteroids
754.8.5 Sticky Centers on Earth
33215.9.2 Jasmonates
764.9 Inversions
33315.9.3 Salicylic Acid
774.9.1 Definition of Inversion
33415.9.4 Strigolactones
784.9.2 Techniques of Inversion
33515.10 Commercial Applications of Plant Growth Regulations
794.10 Local Climate
33615.10.1 Auxin
804.11 Factors of Climate Control
33715.10.2 Gibberellins
814.12 Microclimate
33815.10.3 Cytokinins
824.13 Climate Near the Ground
33915.10.4 Ethylene
834.14 Weather forecasting
34015.11 References
844.15 Will it Blow?
34116 Plant Growth Regulators: Methods or Application and Evaluation of Responses.
854.15.1 Management of controlling winds
34216.1 Introduction to Plant Growth Regulators
864.15.2 Influences of Vegetation and Soil types
34316.1.1 Characteristics
874.16 References
34416.1.2 Classes of Chemical Hormones
885 Soil Environment and Plant Growth
34516.1.3 Some Major Plant Hormones
895.1 Soil
34616.1.4 Main Effects of Plant Hormones and Plant Regulators
905.2 Types of soil
34716.1.5 Uses of Growth Hormones
915.2.1 Sand
34816.2 Methods of Application of Growth Hormone
925.2.2 Clay
34916.2.1 Lanolin Paste
935.2.3 Silt
35016.2.2 Immersion Dilute or Concentrated Solutions or Immersion Method For Cuttings
945.2.4 Loam
35116.2.3 Spraying Technique
955.2.5 Peat
35216.2.4 Dust Method or Powder Method
965.2.6 Chalk
35316.2.5 Aerosol And Vapor Method
975.3 Soil formation: 5.3.1 Factors affecting the formation of rocks
35416.2.6 Soil Application
985.4 Organic soil
35516.3 References
995.5 Soil Taxonomy
35617 Principles and Practices for Weed Management
1005.6 Physical properties of soil
35717.1 Menace created by Weeds in Horticulture
1015.6.1 Soil Texture
35817.2 Nature Observed in Weeds – Competition among Crops
1025.6.2 Soil Structure
35917.3 Classification, Diversity, and Distribution seen among Weeds
1035.6.3 Density
36017.4 Natural Distribution of Weeds
1045.6.4 Pore Space
36117.5 Prevention of Weeds
1055.6.5 Soil Consistence
36217.6 Controlling the Weeds
1065.6.6 Soil Color
36317.6.1 Control over Weeds by means of Crop Husbandry
1075.6.7 Soil Temperature
36417.6.2 Providing Control over Weeds by Physical Means
1085.7 Soil water
36517.6.3 Herbicidal Control
1095.8 Chemical properties of soil
36617.6.4 Biological Control of Weeds
1105.8.1 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
36717.7 Effect of Herbicide Availability
1115.8.2 Soil Reaction (pH)
36817.8 Herbicides: Modes of Action
1125.8.3 Salinity
36917.9 Selectivity of right herbicide among plants
1135.9 Soil colloids
37017.10 Fate Observed by Herbicides in Soils
1145.10 Soil biology and ecology
37117.11 Interactions observed between Environment and Herbicides
1155.11 Life cycle of soil
37217.12 Having a non-selective control over Weeds
1165.12 Affect of soil on plant growth
37317.13 Specific Problems with Weeds and its control
1175.12.1 Supplies oxygen
37417.14 Common types of weeds
1185.12.2 Supplies nutrients
37517.15 References
1195.12.3 Soil Water
37618 Everything about Mulches
1205.12.4 Soil pH
37718.1 What is mulching?
1215.12.5 Temperature
37818.2 Instructions to Mulch
1225.13 Essential plant nutrients
37918.3 Picking Mulch for Your Garden
1235.14 Soil Improvement
38018.4 Types of Mulches
1245.15 References
38118.4.1 Wood chips or destroyed leaves
1256 Relation between Plants and Water and its effective Management
38218.4.2 Grass clippings
1266.1 Introduction
38318.4.3 Fertilizer
1276.2 Sources of Water
38418.4.4 Straw or roughage
1286.3 Cellular Water Supply
38518.4.5 Plastic mulch
1296.4 Brief overview of Turgor Pressure
38618.5 Why Mulching is Essential?: 18.5.1 Why Mulch?
1306.5 Up taking of water by root
38718.6 Mulch According To Climate
1316.6 Transpiration Process in Plants
38818.6.1 Spring Mulching
1326.6.1 Transpiration
38918.6.2 Fall Mulching
1336.6.2 Path of Transpiration
39018.7 Advantages of Mulches
1346.7 Structure and Development of Guard Cells
39118.8 Drawbacks of mulching
1356.7.1 Uptake of Ions and its release from the Guard Cells
39218.9 References
1366.7.2 Mechanics involved with the stomatal movement
39319 Everything about Precision Farming
1376.7.3 Factors involved with the movement of stomata
39419.1 Introduction
1386.8 Water Management
39519.2 Technologies Used in Precision Farming
1396.8.1 Drainage System
39619.2.1 GPS/ GNSS Receivers
1406.8.2 Irrigation System
39719.2.2 Yield Monitoring And Mapping
1416.8.3 Things to improve the outcome of irrigation systems
39819.2.3 Grid Soil Sampling and Variable Rate Fertilizer Application (VRT)
1426.9 References
39919.2.4 Remote Sensing
1437 A Physiological Approach for Plant Growth and Development of Horticulture Crops
40019.2.5 Crop Scouting
1447.1 Plant physiology fundamentals and applications: 7.1.1 Growth kinetics
40119.2.6 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
1457.2 Seed physiology dormancy and germination
40219.2.7 Information Management and Identifying Precision Agriculture Service Provider
1467.3 Photosynthesis
40319.3 References
1477.4 Phytochromes
40420 Everything about Organic Farming
1487.4.1 Structure of phytochrome
40520.1 What is organic farming?
1497.4.2 States of phytochrome
40620.2 Why farm naturally?
1507.5 Physiology of flowering
40720.3 Why buy organic products?
1517.6 Fruit Ripening: 7.6.1 Stages of fruit ripening
40820.3.1 The Certified organic
1527.7 Senescence: 7.7.1 Hormonal functioning of senescence
40920.3.2 Organic food carries lesser pesticides
1537.8 References
41020.3.3 Organic food and fluid are more prolific in particular nutrients.
1548 Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops
41120.4 Reasons of Organic Farming
1558.1 Introduction
41220.4.1 An actual and more real taste
1568.2 Temperature/Wind Stress
41320.4.2 To increase the benefits of supplements and vitamins
1578.3 Effects of drought on plants
41420.4.3 Direct help to agriculture
1588.3.1 Crop growth and yield
41520.5 Kinds of Organic Farming
1598.3.2 Harvest development and yield
41620.5.1 An integrated view of Organic Farming
1608.3.3 Draught Stress
41720.5.2 Absolute way of Organic Farming
1618.3.4 Climatic conditions/Temperature Stress
41820.5.3 Integration of various systems of farming
1628.3.5 Soil
41920.6 Organic Farming Methods
1638.4 Nutrient Stress
42020.6.1 Administration of Soil
1648.5 General aspects of salt stress in plants
42120.6.2 Weeds Administration
1658.5.1 How does salt enter the plant?
42220.6.3 Cutting and Mulching
1668.5.2 How does plant respond to salt stress?
42320.6.4 Crop diversity
1678.6 References
42420.6.5 Managing the dangerous organisms
1689 Mineral, Nutrition & Inorganic Fertilizer Support
42520.6.6 Application of green fertilizer
1699.1 Essential Plant Nutrients
42620.6.7 Usage of fertilizer
1709.2 General functions of mineral elements
42720.7 Organic Farming Principles
1719.2.1 Nitrogen (N)
42820.8 Benefits of organic farming
1729.2.2 Phosphorus (P)
42920.9 Drawbacks of Organic farming
1739.2.3 Potassium (K)
43020.10 Summary
1749.2.4 Calcium
43120.11 References
1759.2.5 Magnesium
43221 Various Diseases of Horticulture Crops
1769.2.6 Sulfur
43321.1 What is Plant Disease?
1779.3 Micronutrients
43421.2 Plant and Pathogen Relationships & Steps in Disease Development
1789.3.1 Boron
43521.2.1 Inoculation
1799.3.2 Chlorine
43621.2.2 Incubation
1809.3.3 Iron
43721.2.3 Penetration
1819.3.4 Manganese
43821.2.4 Infection
1829.3.5 Zinc
43921.3 Nature and Classification of Plant Diseases
1839.3.6 Copper
44021.3.1 Classification based on primary causal agent/ Occurrence
1849.3.7 Molybdenum
44121.3.2 Classification Based on Dispersal Medium
1859.3.8 Nickel
44221.3.3 Based on parts of the host affected
1869.4 Nutrient depletion in soil and plant growth
44321.3.4 Based on host affected
1879.4.1 Chlorosis
44421.3.5 On the basis of symptoms
1889.4.2 Necrosis
44521.3.6 On the nature of causal agencies
1899.5 Mechanism of mineral absorption
44621.4 A Brief about The Diseases
1909.5.1 Passive Absorption
44721.4.1 Cankers
1919.5.2 Active Absorption
44821.4.2 Blight
1929.6 Nutrient Deficiency symptoms
44921.4.3 Rots
1939.6.1 Macronutrients
45021.4.4 Rust (Puccinia)
1949.6.2 Micronutrients
45121.4.5 SCAB
1959.7 Fertilizer application for Horticultural Crops
45221.4.6 Silver Leaf (Chondrostereum Purpureum Syn. Stereum Purpureum)
1969.7.1 Principles for Proper selection of Fertilizers
45321.4.7 Sooty Mould (Cladosporium SPP.)
1979.7.2 Classification of Fertilizers
45421.4.8 Spots
1989.7.3 Methods of applying fertilizers
45521.4.9 Viruses
1999.7.4 Solid Fertilizer Application
45621.4.10 Wilts
2009.7.5 Liquid Fertilizer Application
45721.4.11 Anthracnose
2019.8 References
45821.5 References
20210 Manures and Biofertilizers for Horticultural Crops
45922 Management of Pests and Soil Organisms
20310.1 Sustainable and Organic Gardening
46022.1 Soil Ecology
20410.2 Manure: An Introduction
46122.2 Slugs
20510.2.1 Advantages of using manure
46222.3 Insects
20610.2.2 Disadvantages of Manure
46322.4 Sawflies and Bees (Hymenoptera): 22.4.1 How they benefit us?
20710.3 Composting
46422.5 Aphids and their Relatives (Order Hemiptera)
20810.3.1 Compost helps in reducing greenhouse gases
46522.6 Cabbage White Caterpillars: 22.6.1 Non-pesticide control
20910.3.2 Improve the quality of soil
46622.7 Carrot Root Fly
21010.3.3 Clean the contaminated soil
46722.8 Side effects
21110.3.4 It helps in controlling soil erosion
46822.9 Non-chemical control
21210.3.5 It is economical
46922.9.1 Cabbage Root Fly
21310.4 Bio fertilizers/Microbial Inoculant
47022.9.2 Keep your plants sound
21410.4.1 Benefits of using bio fertilizers
47122.9.3 Keep it clean
21510.4.2 Difference between bio-fertilizer and compost
47222.9.4 Monitor your plants
21610.5 References
47322.10 Other Arthropods
21711 Various Methods of Cultivation
47422.10.1 Mites (Acarina)
21811.1 Cultivation: 11.1.1 Methods of Cultivation
47522.10.2 Nematodes
21911.2 Preparation of Soil for Sowings: 11.2.1 Sowing types and patterns
47622.11 Biopesticides and Pest Control
22011.3 Methods of Digging
47722.12 References
22111.3.1 Simple Dig and Drop
47823 Detailed Overview of Syn-seeds or Synthetic Seeds
22211.3.2 Single Digging
47923.1 Introduction
22311.3.3 Double Digging
48023.2 The Natural Seed
22411.4 Beds
48123.3 What are organic seeds?
22511.4.1 Raised beds
48223.4 Development of the Concepts of Tissue Culture and Artificial Seeds
22611.4.2 Flatbeds
48323.4.1 Concept of Tissue Culture
22711.5 Spacing
48423.4.2 Meaning of Artificial Seed
22811.6 Rotation: 11.6.1 Planning a rotation
48523.6 Uses and Limitations of Artificial Seeds
22911.7 Division in cultivation
48623.7 Limitations
23011.8 Reference
48723.8 Production of Synthetic Seeds
23112 Various Methods of irrigation
48823.9 Procedure for Artificial Seed manufacturing
23212.1 History of Irrigation
48923.10 Encapsulation or coating of synthetic seed
23312.2 Significance of Irrigation
49023.11 Features of Synthetic Seeds
23412.3 Conventional Methods of Irrigation
49123.12 Benefits of Synthetic Seeds compared to Somatic Embryos for Reproduction
23512.3.1 Check Basin Method
49223.13 Mass balance concept
23612.3.2 Wrinkle Irrigation Method
49323.14 Steps of commercial artificial seed
23712.3.3 Strip Irrigation Method
49423.15 Somatic Embryos
23812.3.4 Bowl Irrigation Method
49523.16 Hydrogel encapsulation of artificial seeds
23912.3.5 Sprinkler Irrigation Method
49623.16.1 Artificial seed
24012.4 Modern Methods of Irrigation
49723.16.2 Following are the steps to make an artificial seed
24112.4.1 Dribble System of Irrigation
49823.17 Synthetic seed and forest trees
24212.4.2 Sprinkler System
49923.18 Forest seed for a plantation
24312.4.3 Drip/Trickle irrigation system
50023.19 Somatic embryogenesis and syn seeds
24412.4.4 Subsurface irrigation
50123.20 References
24512.5 Kinds of Sprinklers
50224 Appendix
24612.5.1 Shower Heads
50324.1 Abbreviations
24712.5.2 Rotors
50424.2 Classification of Vegetables
24812.5.3 Rotational Nozzles and Rotators
50524.2.1 Monocotyledoneae
24912.6 References
50624.2.2 Dicotyledoneae Most vegetables fall into this category.
25013 Soilless Production of Horticultural Crops (Water, Sand and Gravel Culture)
50724.3 Common Names of Horticulture Crops
25113.1 Introduction
50824.4 Common Flower Names/ Botanical Names and family
25213.2 Introduction to Soilless Cultivation Method And Horticulture Crops
50924.5 Cut Flower Production
25313.3 The Nutrient Solution
51024.6 Important Vegetable Crops
25413.4 Water Culture In Soilless Production Of Horticulture Crops: 13.4.1 Traditional Methods For Water Culture
51124.7 Important spices and condiments
25513.5 Definition of Sand Culture
51224.8 Common Vegetable Names
25613.6 Definition of Gravel Culture For Cultivation
513Index
25713.7 References
