1Preface
1128.2 Types of Pearls
2Chapter 1. Aquaculture Basics
1138.2.1 Artificial or Imitation Pearls
31.1 Introduction
1148.2.2 Natural Pearls
41.2 Benefits of Aquaculture
1158.2.3 Cultured Pearls
51.2.1 Economic Benefits
1168.3 Surgical procedures in pearl culture
61.2.2 Environmental Benefits
1178.3.1 Mantle Cavity Insertion
71.3 Importance of Aquaculture
1188.3.2 Mantle Tissue Implantation
81.3.1 Sustainable use of Sea Resources
1198.3.3 Pre-operative Condition
91.3.2 Conservation of Biodiversity
1208.3.4 Surgery
101.3.3 Increased Efficiency, more Resources for Less Effort
1218.3.5 Post-operation Care
111.3.4 Reduced Environmental Disturbance
1228.3.6 Gonadal Implantation
121.4 Disadvantages
1238.3.7 Postoperative Conditioning
131.4.1 Propagation of Invasive Species
1248.3.8 Surgery
141.4.2 A threat to Coastal Ecosystems
1258.3.9 Postoperative Care
151.4.3 Contaminates Water and Threatens Health
1268.3.10 Preparation Procedures
161.4.4 Affects Wild Fish Population
1278.4 Culture practices
171.4.5 Impact on the Environment
1288.4.1 Collection of Mussels
181.5 Types of Aquaculture
1298.4.2 Pre-operative Conditioning
191.5.1 Fish Farming
1308.4.3 Mussel Surgery
201.5.2 Algaculture
1318.5 Food and Feeding
211.5.3 Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture
1328.6 Pearl harvest
221.6 Exercise
1338.7 Exercise
23Chapter 2. History of Aquaculture
134Chapter 9. Aquaculture in Various Countries
242.1 2000–1000 B.C.
1359.1 Introduction
252.2 500 B.C. (473 B.C. or 475 B.C.)
1369.2 Aquaculture in Various Countries
262.3 500 B.C.-500 A.D.
1379.2.1 Australia
272.4 618 to 906 A.D. (Tang Dynasty in China)
1389.2.3 China
282.5 906 to 1900 A.D.
1399.2.4 Indonesia
292.5.1 906 to 1120 (Sung Dynasty)
1409.2.5 India
302.5.2 1368 to 1644 (Ming Dynasty)
1419.2.6 Vietnam
312.5.3 1644 to 1911 (Ching Dynasty)
1429.2.7 Bangladesh
322.6 Independent developments in other areas
1439.2.8 South Korea
332.6.1 French Indochina
1449.2.9 Egypt
342.6.2 Sub-continent of India
1459.2.10 Norway
352.6.3 Indonesia
1469.2.11 Japan
362.6.4 Europe
1479.3 Sentience and Animal Welfare
372.6.5 North America
1489.4 Exercise
382.6.6 Africa
149Chapter 10. Plankton Dynamics in Freshwater Fish Ponds in India
392.6.7 Elsewhere
15010.1 Introduction
402.7 1900–1700 - Expansion in operation and breakthroughs in seed production
15110.2 Phytoplankton
412.8 1970-near future - Continued expansion and selective culture of high value and exportable species and intensification
15210.3 The types of watercolors of aquaculture ponds and their relationship
422.9 Exercise
15310.3.1 Golden Brown or Reddish-brown
43Chapter 3. Aquatic Plants and Animals
15410.3.2 Light or Bright Green
443.1 Aquatic plants
15510.3.3 Dark Green or Blackish Green Color
453.2 Characteristics Of Aquatic Plants
15610.3.4 Dark Brown and Sauce-like Colour
463.3 Types of Aquatic Plants
15710.3.5 Yellowish Colour
473.3.1 Emergent Plants
15810.3.6 Foggy White Water
483.3.2 Floating-Leaved
15910.3.7 Turbid Water
493.3.3 Submerged
16010.3.8 Clear Water
503.3.4 Free-Floating
16110.4 Transparency: 10.4.1 Secchi Disc Measurements
513.4 Functions of aquatic plants
16210.5 Exercise
523.5 Aquatic animals
163Chapter 11. Bioremediation
533.5.1 Characteristics
16411.1 Introduction
543.5.2 Salt Regulation
16511.2 Microbial intervention in an aquaculture system
553.5.3 Oxygen
16611.3 Aquaculture effluents & Environmental monitoring program
563.5.4 Temperature
16711.4 Microbes involved in bioremediation
573.5.5 Water Pressure
16811.5 Microbial mats, biofilm and substrate-based aquaculture
583.5.6 Wind and Waves
16911.6 Mechanism of bioremediation
593.5.7 Light
17011.7.1 Biomonitors
603.6 Food chain
17111.7.2 Bioreporters
613.6.1 Example of Food chain
17211.8 Bioremediation of organic-rich sediment
623.6.2 Types of Aquatic Animals
17311.9 Genetically engineered microorganisms
633.7 Exercise
17411.10 Commercialization products and process
64Chapter 4. Principles of Aquaculture
17511.11 Exercise
654.1 Definition of Aquaculture
176Chapter 12. Management and Control of Land Degradation With Special Reference to Aquaculture
664.2 Objectives
17712.1 Introduction
674.2.1 Short-Term Goals
17812.2 How it is affected globally
684.2.2 Medium-Term Goals
17912.2.1 Natural Causes of Land Degradation
694.2.3 Long-Term Goals
18012.2.2 Human-induced Causes
704.3 Main issues
18112.2.3 Climate Change
714.3.1 Macropolitics
18212.2.4 Deforestation
724.3.2 Applied Research
18312.2.5 Overgrazing
734.3.3 Training
18412.2.6 Irrigation Practice
744.3.4 Commercialization
18512.2.7 Urban Sprawl and Commercial Development
754.3.5 Producer’s Organizations
18612.2.8 Pollution From Industries
764.3.6 Technical Assistance
18712.2.9 Mining and Quarrying Activities
774.3.7 Equipment and Inputs
18812.2.10 Agricultural Intensification
784.3.8 Legal Dispositions
18912.3 Effects of land degradation
794.3.9 Micropolitics
19012.3.1 Implications and Effects
804.4 Biofertilizers in Fish Culture
19112.3.2 Solutions and Remedies
814.5 Principles
19212.4 Exercise
824.6 Exercise
193Chapter 13. Multiple-use of Water Through Integrated Fish Farming Systems
83Chapter 5. Biological Indicators of Aquatic Environment
19413.1 Historical perspective
845.1 Introduction to Biological Indicators
19513.2 Overview of Aquaculture Methods and Practices
855.2 Utilization Of Bioindicators
19613.3 Fish Pond Culture
865.3 Types of bioindicators
19713.4 Culture Species
875.3.1 Plant Indicators
19813.5 Site Selection
885.3.2 Animal Indicators
19913.5.1 Pond Layout
895.3.3 Microbial Indicators
20013.5.2 Design of Pond Facilities
905.3.4 Biomonitoring
20113.5.3 Pond Management
915.3.5 Planktons
20213.5.4 Pond Preparation
925.3.6 Phytoplankton
20313.5.5 Stocking
935.3.7 Zooplanktons
20413.5.6 Feeding
945.3.8 Evidence About Zooplanktons
20513.5.7 Water Management
955.4 Exercise
20613.6 Pond Maintenance
96Chapter 6. The Health of Aquatic Animals
20713.6.1 Fertilization
976.1 Introduction
20813.6.2 Liming
986.2 Forms of fish diseases
20913.6.3 Elimination of Pests and Predators
996.2.1 Infectious Diseases
21013.6.4 Stock Monitoring
1006.2.2 Non-infectious Diseases
21113.6.5 Regular Upkeep and Maintenance of Facilities
1016.2.3 Prevention and Control of Fish Diseases
21213.7 Harvesting
1026.3 Exercise
21313.8 Integrated Fish Farming
103Chapter 7. Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals in Fish
21413.9 Exercise
1047.1 Introduction
215Chapter 14. Career Opportunities in Aquaculture
1057.2 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals(background)
21614.1 Overview
1067.2.1 EDCs in the Marine Environment
21714.2 Detailed programs
1077.2.2 Effects of EDCs on Marine Wildlife
21814.3 Exercise
1087.3 Uncertainties and Data gaps
219Appendix
1097.4 Exercise
220Glossary
110Chapter 8. Pearl Culture Technology in Freshwater Environment
221Index
1118.1 Introduction
