1Preface
1498.6 Soil Degradation as an Environmental Problem
2Chapter 1. Introduction to Organic Farming
1508.7 Improving soil fertility by management
31.1 Introduction
1518.8 Improving Manure Management
41.2 Why is Organic Farming Required?
1528.9 Improving Pesticide Management
51.2.1 Land Distribution in 2010
1538.10 Improving Irrigation Management
61.3 Concept of Organic Farming: 1.3.1 International Scenario
1548.11 Summary
71.4 Reasons for Organic Farming
1558.12 Exercise
81.4.1 Increase in Profitability for the Organic Food Industry
1568.13 References
91.4.2 Keeping the Ecological Balance
157Chapter 9. Manure Management
101.4.3 Improving Human Health
1589.1 Use of Manure in Farming
111.4.4 Rich in Nutrients
1599.2 Managing Manure
121.4.5 Ensures Quality
1609.3 Regulations for Manure Management
131.5 Principles of Organic Farming
1619.4 How much to Manage?
141.5.1 Principle of Health
1629.5 Animal Manure Management
151.5.2 Principle of Fairness
1639.6 Principles of Manure Management
161.5.3 Principles of Ecological Balance
1649.6.1 Proximity Principle
171.5.4 Principle of Care
1659.6.2 Self-Sufficiency Principle
181.6 Biodynamic Agriculture
1669.6.3 The Polluter-Pays Principle
191.7 Natueco Farming
1679.6.4 Precautionary Principle
201.8 Organic Production Requirements
1689.6.5 Sustainable Development
211.8.1 Conversion Requirements
1699.6.6 Principle Of Intergenerational Equity
221.8.2 Landscape
1709.7 Policies and Regulations for Sustainable Manure Management
231.8.3 Crop Production
1719.8 Manure Management Practices
24Choice of Crops and Varieties
1729.8.1 Nutritional Strategies For Reducing The Environmental Impact Of Animal Agriculture
25Duration of Conversion Period
1739.8.2 Manure Treatment
26Diversity in Crop Production
174With Alum
271.8.4 Fertilization Policy
175Composting
281.9 Pest, Disease, and Weed Management
176Anaerobic Digestion
291.9.1 Contamination Control
1779.8.3 Strategies For Controlling Odour From Live-Stock Manure
301.9.2 Soil and Water Conservation
1789.9 Manure Management in SSA
311.9.3 Collection of Non-Cultivated Material of Plant Origin and Honey
1799.10 Summary
321.10 Can organic agriculture answer the sustainability problem? : 1.10.1 Global Organic Agriculture
1809.11 Exercise
331.11 Summary
1819.12 References
341.12 Exercise
182Chapter 10. Compost Management
351.13 References
18310.1 Process for Composting
36Chapter 2. Organic Farming Management Practices
18410.2 Basics of Composting
372.1 Crop rotation
18510.3 Advantages of Composting
382.3 Manuring and Composting
18610.4 Methods of Composting
392.4 Intercropping and Companion Planting
18710.4.1 Aerobic Composting
402.5 Biological Pest Control
18810.4.2 Anaerobic Composting
412.6 Sanitation
18910.4.3 Vermicomposting
422.7 Tillage: 2.7.1 The Benefits of Tillage
19010.5 Compost and Soil Fertility
432.8 Mulching: 2.8.1 Benefits of Mulching
19110.6 Compost and Disease Suppression
442.9 Supplementary Fertilization
19210.7 Compost Management
452.10 Biorational Pesticides
19310.8 Summary
462.11 Agroforestry, Permaculture, Polyculture
19410.9 Exercise
472.12 Advantages of Organic Farming Practices
19510.10 References
482.12.1 Nutrition Filled Food
196Chapter 11. Pest Control
492.12.2 Helps to stay Healthy
19711.1 Methods of Pest Control
502.12.3 Free of Poison
19811.1.1 Biological Pest Control
512.12.4 Highly Authentic
19911.1.2 Cultural Control
522.12.5 Lower in Price
20011.1.3 Trap Cropping
532.12.6 Enriches Taste
20111.1.4 Pesticides
542.12.7 Eco-friendly Practices
20211.1.5 Hunting
552.12.8 Longer Shelf-life
20311.2 Pest Control between Organic Farming and Conventional Farming
562.13 Disadvantages of Organic Farming
20411.3 Pest Control in Forestry
572.14 Summary
20511.4 Integrated Pest Management Principles
582.15 Exercise
20611.4.1 Principles for IPM Program
592.16 References
207Set Action Thresholds
60Chapter 3. Basic Principles of Organic Farming
208Monitor and Identify Pests
613.1 Principle of Health
209Prevention
623.2 Principle of Ecology
210Control
633.3 Principle of Fairness
21111.4.2 Advantages of Pest Control
643.4 Principle of Care
21211.5 Difference between Pest Control and Pest Management
653.5 Organic Farming Practised by Country
21311.6 Summary
663.6 Organic Farming Practiced in North America
21411.7 Exercise
673.7 Organic Farming Practiced in Europe
21511.8 References
683.8 Organic Farming Practices in Australia
216Chapter 12. Animal Health And Nutrition In Organic Farming
693.9 Organic Farming Practices in India
21712.1 Introduction
703.10 Organic Farming Practices in the Falkland Islands
21812.2 Overview of Organic livestock production
713.11 Organic Farming in Denmark
21912.3 Animal disease patterns
723.12 Organic Farming in Latin America
22012.4 Animal nutrition and feeding
733.13 Organic Farming in Africa
22112.4.1 Productivity
743.14 Organic Farming in Germany
22212.4.2 Farm Economics
753.15 Summary
22312.4.3 Product Safety and Quality
763.16 Exercise
22412.4.4 Environment
773.17 References
22512.5 Challenges of organic farming
78Chapter 4. Sustainable Development
22612.6 Grazing and grassland management
794.1 The Three dimensions of sustainability
22712.6.1 Health Promotion And The Human Role In Organic Animal Herds
804.2 Environmental pillar
22812.6.2 Animal Disease Treatment In Organic Animal Husbandry
814.2.1 Water
22912.7 Summary
824.2.2 Emission Of Greenhouse Gas
23012.8 Questions
834.3 Economic pillar
23112.9 References
844.4 Social pillar
232Chapter 13. Animal Welfare And Ethics In Organic Agriculture
854.4.1 Employment
23313.1 Introduction
864.4.2 Health
23413.2 Animal welfare and ethics
874.5 Goals for Sustainable Agriculture
23513.3 Organic Values
884.6 Management of Natural Resources
23613.3.1 Efficiency
894.7 Sustainable Agriculture and Society
23713.3.2 Sustainability
904.8 Sustainable Agriculture and Economy
23813.3.3 Safety
914.9 Summary
23913.3.4 Contribution of Animal Welfare in Organic Values
924.10 Exercise
24013.3.5 Organic Understanding Of Animal Welfare
934.11 References
24113.4 General Welfare Problem in Animals
94Chapter 5. The Role of Soil in Agriculture
24213.5 Research on animal health and welfare in organic farming
955.1 Plant Nutrients
24313.6 Organic farming and the traditional animal protection movements : 13.6.1 Future Perspectives
965.2 Soils for Agriculture
24413.7 Summary
975.3 Inorganic Components
24513.8 Questions
985.4 Soil Organic Matter
24613.9 References
995.5 Sustainable Soil Management
247Chapter 14. Organic Standards And Certification
1005.6 Functions of Soil in Global Ecosystem
24814.1 Introduction
1015.6.1 Medium for Plant Growth
24914.2 History of Organic Standards and Certification
1025.6.2 Regulator Of Water Supplies
25014.3 Organic standards and standards-setting processes: 14.3.1 Conformity Assessment Processes
1035.6.3 Recycle Raw Materials
25114.4 Case Study on the actual situation of organic production and marketing in Spain
1045.6.4 Habitat For Micro-Organisms
25214.5 Balance in local and the global in organic standards-setting
1055.6.5 Medium of Landscaping and Engineering
25314.6 Summary
1065.7 Summary
25414.7 Questions
1075.8 Exercise
25514.8 References
1085.9 References
256Chapter 15. Economic Management In Organic Agriculture
109Chapter 6. Role of Micro-organisms in Agriculture
25715.1 Introduction
1106.1 Types of Microorganisms used in Agriculture
25815.2 Basic Model
1116.1.1 Bacteria
25915.2.1 Crops Enterprises
1126.1.2 Actinomycetes
26015.2.2 Labour Constraints
1136.1.3 Fungi
26115.2.3 Land Constraint
1146.1.4 Protozoa
26215.2.4 Capital Constraint
1156.1.5 Viruses
26315.2.5 Rotation Constraint
1166.1.6 Nematodes
26415.2.6 Fertilizer Constraint
1176.1.7 Rhizobium
26515.2.7 Carbon Constraint
1186.1.8 Mycorrhiza
26615.3 Risk Management
1196.1.9 Moulds
26715.4 Production and productivity
1206.1.10 Actinomycetes
26815.5 Production Costs
1216.1.11 Soil Bacteria
26915.6 Developments in participatory guarantee systems : 15.6.1 Permanent Versus Productive Agriculture
1226.2 Role and Functions
27015.7 Summary
1236.3 Microbiology Ecology Biotechnology and Sustainable Agriculture
27115.8 Questions
1246.4 Environmental Health and Biotechnology
27215.9 References
1256.5 Summary
273Chapter 16. Case Study Nutrient Management For Organic Farming
1266.6 Exercise
27416.1 Introduction
1276.7 References
27516.2 Reference
128Chapter 7. Organic Fertilizers and Techniques
276Glossary
1297.1 Mineral
277Index
1307.2 Animal sources
278A
1317.3 Plant
279B
1327.4 Treated sewage sludge
280C
1337.5 Organic Techniques
281E
1347.6 Cultural Practices
282F
1357.7 Sticky Traps
283G
1367.8 Mechanical or Physical Pest Control
284I
1377.9 Biological way of pest control
285L
1387.10 Oil Sprays
286M
1397.11 Bio-Pesticides
287N
1407.12 Summary
288O
1417.13 Exercise
289P
1427.14 References
290R
143Chapter 8. Strategy to Improve Quality
291S
1448.1 Defining Soil Quality
292T
1458.2 Importance of Soil Quality
293T
1468.3 Agricultural Productivity
294V
1478.4 Water Quality
295W
1488.5 Soil Policy Goals
