Nation-State Cyber Offensive Capabilities

Nation-State Cyber Offensive Capabilities

an in-depth look into a multipolar dimensionBy Eduardo Izycki
Michael Caine
Listen with Sir Michael Caine™ and 1,000+ voices
Length4h 31m

About this audiobook

One of the most striking features of the 21st century is the widespread adoption of information technology in every aspect of the modern life of individuals, society, or nation-states. When compared to land, sea, air, and space, cyberspace has unique features. Its ""geography"" is easily modified, oceans and mountains are hard to be changed, but entire cyberspace regions can be turned on or off with a button click. Moreover, anonymity, the low cost of acquiring or developing offensive capabilities, and the plausible deniability of actions have turned this dimension into a theater of operations for nation-states. This book does not focus on the worst-case scenario where cyber offensive actions will revolutionize war. Instead, it intends to provide empirical analysis regarding the current state of cyber conflict. This book presents evidence of 29 countries engaging in state-sponsored actions and 85 nations acquiring cyber offensive technologies from private vendors. The numbers challenge the average perception of concentration of cyber capabilities in a few ""traditional"" actors. Cyberspace provides alternatives for the bargaining and interactions to nation-states below the threshold of the use of force. As a result, actors can achieve strategic outcomes and influence the balance of power without resorting to an armed attack and minimizing the risk of a military or nuclear response from their targets.

Audiobook details

GenreEducation and Learning
Length4 hrs 31 mins
Narrated byListen with 1,000+ voices
FormateBook with Audio
Publish dateJan 31, 2022
LanguageEnglish

Table of contents

1Introduction
217.4. PREFERRED TARGETED SECTORS
21. INTRODUCTION
227.5. ACTIONS COMPLEXITY
32. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
237.6. ATTACKS OBJECTIVES
43. LITERATURE REVIEW
248. CYBER OFFENSIVE CAPABILITIES ACQUISITION
54. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
258.1. MULTIPLE ACQUISITIONS
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65. METHODOLOGY
268.2. CUSTOMERS
75.1. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
279. DISCUSSION
85.2. TECHNICAL REPORTS AND INDEPENDENT STUDIES
289.1. DIFFUSION (NOT EQUALITY) OF CYBER OFFENSIVE CAPABILITIES
95.3. DATA BREACHES
299.2. GEOGRAPHY MATTERS
105.4. REPORT FROM EXPORTS CONTROLS
309.3. PROFILING NATION-STATE BEHAVIOR
115.5. PROCESSING THE DATA COLLECTED
319.4. BUILDING CYBER OFFENSIVE CAPABILITIES
125.6. THE CLASSIFICATION AND ENTITY RECOGNITION
329.5. CORRELATING CYBER OFFENSIVE CAPABILITIES AND AUTHORITARIANISM
135.7. PARSING STRUCTURED DATA
339.6. IS THE BEST DEFENSE A GOOD OFFENSE?
145.8. THREAT ACTORS AND DOCUMENT CLUSTERING
349.7. MULTIPOLARITY IN CYBERSPACE
155.9. MERGING THE DATASETS
3510. CONCLUSIONS
166. OVERARCHING RESULTS
3611. REFERENCES
177. NATION-STATE CYBER OFFENSIVE ACTIONS
37APPENDIX A - CYBER CAPABILITIES PROVIDERS
187.1. THREAT ACTORS
38APPENDIX B - CYBER CAPABILITIES PURCHASES
197.2. INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY OR OUTSOURCING
39APPENDIX C - COUNTRIES PROFILES
207.3. TARGET’S GEOGRAPHICAL DISPERSION

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