1Preface
1547.4.5 Del Credere Agents
2Chapter 1. The Global Economy
1557.5 Freight forwarders and combined transport operators (C.T.O.s)
31.1 Why countries trade
1567.5.1 Breach of Warranty of Authority
41.2 Comparative advantage
1577.5.2 Effect of Contracts Made by Agents
51.3 The evolution of world trade
1587.5.3 Rights and Duties of Principal and Agent
61.4 Protectionism
1597.6 Key clauses in an agency agreement
71.5 Methods of protection
1607.7 Exercise
81.5.1 Tariffs
161Chapter 8. The Export Order Process
91.5.2 Non-tariff Barriers
1628.1 Introduction
101.6 Regions in world trade
1638.2 The export order process
111.6.1 Free Trade Area
1648.3 The inquiry
121.6.2 Customs Union
1658.4 The export quotation
131.6.3 Common Market
1668.4.1 Goods
141.6.4 Economic Union
1678.4.2 Price
151.7 The UK’s changed status in world trade
1688.4.3 Delivery
161.8 Organizations in world trade
1698.5 Terms and method of payment
171.8.1 The IMF (International Monetary Fund)
1708.6 Forms of export quotation
181.8.2 The World Bank
1718.6.1 Verbal
191.8.3 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
1728.6.2 Standard Letter/e-mail
201.9 Exercise
1738.6.3 Tender Documents
21Chapter 2. International Marketing - Principles and Practices
1748.7 Pro-forma invoice
222.1 The marketing concept
1758.8 Risk assessment
232.1.1 Group One
1768.8.1 Country Risk
242.1.2 Group Two
1778.8.2 Buyer Risk
252.1.3 Group Three
1788.9 International delivery terms
262.2 The exchange process
1798.9.1 Costs
272.3 The marketing process
1808.9.2 Delivery
282.4 The internationalization process
1818.9.3 Risk
292.4.1 Market Research
1828.10 Ex Works (EXW)
302.4.2 Market Selection
1838.11 Free On Board (FOB)
312.4.3 Market Selection Criteria
1848.12 Free Carrier (FCA)
322.5 Potential
1858.13 Free Alongside Ship (FAS)
332.5.1 Accessibility
1868.14 Cost Insurance & Freight (CIF)
342.5.2 Similarity
1878.15 Carriage & Insurance Paid to (CIP) and Carriage Paid to (CPT)
352.5.3 Managing the Mess
1888.16 Delivered Ex Ship (DES)
362.6 Exercise
1898.17 Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ)
37Chapter 3. Overview of UK Law
1908.18 Delivered At Frontier (DAF)
383.1 The making of law
1918.19 Exercise
393.2 The incidence of European Union Law
192Chapter 9. International Transport
403.3 Hierarchy of precedents
1939.1 Modes of international transport
413.4 Sources of law : 3.4.1 Public and Private Law
1949.2 Freight forwarders
423.5 Sources of law
1959.3 The services of the forwarder
433.5.1 Trade custom
1969.3.1 Advice
443.5.2 EU Law
1979.3.2 Documentation
453.6 Exercise
1989.3.3 Customs Clearance
46Chapter 4. Export Order Process
1999.3.4 Transport Booking
474.1 Contract essentials
2009.3.5 Groupage
484.2 Essential ingredients
2019.4 Advantages of using freight forwarders
494.3 True consent
2029.4.1 Contacts
504.4 Illegality
2039.4.2 Facilities
514.5 Contracts contrary to public policy
2049.4.3 Convenience
524.5.1 Breach of Contract
2059.5 Disadvantages of using freight forwarders
534.5.2 Legal Remedies
2069.5.1 Increased Cost
544.5.3 Equitable Remedies
2079.5.2 Loss of Control
554.5.4 Commercial Considerations
2089.5.3 Charter Party
564.6 Offer and acceptance
2099.6 Types of sea freight services
574.6.1 Offer
2109.6.1 Conventional
584.6.2 Acceptance
2119.6.2 Containerized
594.6.3 Tenders
2129.7 Multi-modal
604.7 Standard form contract : 4.7.1 The Battle of the Forms
2139.7.1 Through Documentation
614.8 Consideration
2149.7.2 Vessel Efficiency
624.9 Composition with creditors
2159.7.3 Specialist Barge Services
634.9.1 Part-payment by Someone other than the Debtor
2169.7.4 Road Freight
644.9.2 Terms of a Contract
2179.7.5 Rail Freight
654.9.3 Conditions, Warranties, and Innominate Terms
2189.7.6 Airfreight
664.10 Duress
2199.7.7 Groupage
674.11 Mistake
2209.8 Express operations
684.11.1 Mistake as to the Nature of the Contract
2219.9 International transport documentation
694.11.2 Unilateral Mistake
2229.10 An overview of export documentation
704.11.3 Common Mistake
2239.11 Transport Conventions
714.11.4 Mutual Mistake
2249.12 The bill of lading
724.12 Misrepresentation
2259.12.1 Procedure
734.12.1 A statement of Fact
2269.12.2 Functions
744.12.2 A statement of the Law
2279.13 Receipt for goods
754.13 Types of misrepresentation
2289.14 Evidence of the Contract of Carriage
764.14 Misrepresentation and contract terms
2299.15 Document of title
774.15 Remedies for misrepresentation
2309.16 A Bill of Lading glossary
784.16 Criminal misrepresentations
2319.16.1 Received
794.17 Discharge of contract
2329.16.2 Combined Transport
804.17.1 Discharge by Performance
2339.16.3 Transshipment
814.17.2 Discharge by Agreement
2349.16.4 Groupage
824.17.3 Discharge by Breach
2359.16.5 Fiata
834.17.4 Discharge by Frustration
2369.16.6 Common
844.18 Remedies for breach of contract
2379.16.7 Short Form
854.19 Award damages
2389.16.8 Lost or Destroyed Bills of Lading
864.20 Allow a claim on quantum meruit
2399.16.9 Dangerous Goods
874.20.1 Action for Money had and Received
2409.16.10 International Regulations
884.20.2 Award a Decree of Specific Performance
2419.16.11 Technical Instructions
894.20.3 Award an Injunction
2429.17 Identification of goods
904.21 Exercise
2439.18 Documentary declarations
91Chapter 5. Sales of Goods in International Trade
2449.19 Dangerous goods by sea
925.1 Introduction
2459.20 Dangerous goods by road
935.2 The law relating to the sale of goods
2469.21 Dangerous goods by rail
945.2.1 Quality and Suitability
2479.22 Dangerous goods by air
955.2.2 Delivery of a Wrong Quantity
2489.23 Exercise
965.2.3 Delivery by Installments
249Chapter 10. Custom Controls
975.2.4 Acceptance of Goods
25010.1 Export procedures and documents
985.2.5 Rejection of Goods
25110.2 An overview of customs controls
995.2.6 Other Consumer Protection Aspects
25210.2.1 Export
1005.3 The General Product Safety Regulations 1994
25310.2.2 Import
1015.4 Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999
25410.2.3 Transit
1025.5 Exclusion of liability
25510.3 The European Union (EU)
1035.5.1 Exclusion Clauses in the Sale of Goods
25610.3.1 Export Procedures
1045.5.2 Effect of Guarantee Periods
25710.3.2 Intrastat
1055.5.3 Unfair Contract Terms Act (1977)
25810.3.3 Submission of Declarations
1065.6 Non-application of The Unfair Terms Act 1977 to international sales : 5.6.1 Supply of Goods to Consumer Regulations 2002
25910.3.4 VAT and the Single Market
1075.7 The law in practice in the sale of goods in international trade
26010.4 The single administrative document (SAD)
1085.7.1 Effect of Trade Custom
26110.5 New Export System (NES)
1095.7.2 The Price of the Goods
26210.6 The CHIEF system
1105.7.3 Failure to Carry out an Agreed Valuation
26310.7 Technical requirements
1115.7.4 Acceptance and Rejection of the Goods
26410.8 Export licensing control
1125.7.5 Intimation of Acceptance
26510.9 Exports from bonded warehouses
1135.7.6 Acts Inconsistent with the Seller’s Ownership
26610.10 Processing relief
1145.7.7 Keeping the Goods for more than a Reasonable Time
26710.10.1 Inward Processing Relief (IPR)
1155.7.8 Effect of Acceptance
26810.10.2 Outward Processing Relief (OPR)
1165.7.9 Rejection of the Goods
26910.11 Transit systems : 10.11.1 Why Transit Controls?
1175.7.10 Rejection of Installment Deliveries
27010.12 Transport Internationaux Routiers (TIR)
1185.7.11 The Rights of the Unpaid Seller
27110.12.1 Duty Deposits
1195.7.12 Stoppage in Transit
27210.12.2 Vehicle Examination
1205.7.13 Right of Resale
27310.12.3 TIR TABAC Carnets
1215.7.14 The Romalpa Clause
27410.13 EU transit : 10.13.1 The New Computerised Transit System (NCTS)
1225.8 Remedies of the seller
27510.14 Import procedures and documents: 10.14.1 EU Imports
1235.8.1 An Action for Non-acceptance
27610.15 Import controls
1245.8.2 An Action for the Price
27710.15.1 Duty
1255.8.3 Choice of Actions
27810.15.2 Tax
1265.9 Remedies of the buyer
27910.15.3 Excise
1275.9.1 Damages for Non-delivery
28010.15.4 Levy
1285.9.2 Action for Return of Buyer’s Money
28110.15.5 Licensing
1295.9.3 Action for Non-compliance with the Contract
28210.15.6 Quota
1305.10 Conflict of laws
28310.15.7 Standards
1315.11 Jurisdiction
28410.15.8 The Export Invoice
1325.11.1 The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgements Act of 1982
28510.15.9 Commercial Invoice
1335.11.2 The English Common Law Rules
28610.15.10 The commercial Invoice with a Declaration
1345.11.3 The Civil Jurisdiction and Judgements Act of 1991
28710.15.11 Certified Invoices
1355.11.4 The Admiralty Jurisdiction of the English courts
28810.15.12 Specific Customs Invoice
1365.12 Sovereign immunity as a defense: 5.12.1 Addressing a Broken Contract with an Overseas Buyer
28910.16 Description
1375.13 Which law applies? : 5.13.1 The Country of Closest Connection
29010.16.1 The Brussels Tariff Nomenclature (BTN)
1385.14 Exercise
29110.16.2 The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS)
139Chapter 6. EU Competition Law
29210.16.3 Finding a Tariff Number
1406.1 Introduction
29310.17 Origin : 10.17.1 Certificates of Origin (C of O)
1416.2 Article 81 of the Treaty of Rome
29410.18 Value
1426.2.1 Article 82 of the Treaty of Rome
29510.19 Customs management
1436.2.2 Abuse Must Affect Trade Between the Member States
29610.19.1 Freezones
1446.3 Exercise
29710.19.2 Minimize
145Chapter 7. Principal and Agent
29810.19.3 Valuation
1467.1 Definitions
29910.19.4 Outward Processing Relief
1477.2 The commercial agent’s regulations 1993
30010.19.5 Take Time
1487.3 Important provisions of the regulations
30110.19.6 Warehousing
1497.4 Authority of the agent
30210.19.7 Deferment
1507.4.1 Special Agent
30310.20 Exercise
1517.4.2 General Agent
304Appendix
1527.4.3 Universal Agent
305Glossary
1537.4.4 Confirming Houses
306Index
