6FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
632§ 108. The Arguments for and against the Filioque.
7PREFACE TO THIRD REVISION
633§ 109. The Monotheletic Controversy.
8Literature
634§ 110. The Doctrine of Two Wills in Christ.
9§ 1. Nature of Church History.
635§ 111. History of Monotheletism and Dyotheletism.
10§ 2. Branches of Church History.
636§ 112. The Sixth Oecumenical Council. a.d. 680.
11§ 3. Sources of Church History.
637§ 113. The Heresy of Honorius.
12§ 4. Periods of Church History.
638§ 114. Concilium Quinisextum. a.d. 692.
13§ 5. Uses of Church History.
639§ 115. Reaction of Monotheletism. The Maronites.
14§ 6. Duty of the Historian.
640§ 116. The Adoptionist Controversy. Literature.
15§ 7. Literature of Church History.
641§ 117. History of Adoptionism.
16ADDENDA
642§ 118. Doctrine of Adoptionism.
17FIRST PERIOD THE CHURCH UNDER THE APOSTLES FROM THE BIRTH OF CHRIST TO THE DEATH OF ST. JOHN, A.D. 1–100
643§ 119. The Predestinarian Controversy.
18Literature.
644§ 120. Gottschalk and Babanus Maurus.
19§ 8. Central Position of Christ in the History of the World.
645§ 121. Gottschalk and Hincmar.
20§ 9. Judaism.
646§ 122. The Contending Theories on Predestination, and the Victory of Semi-Augustinianism.
21§ 10. The Law, and the Prophecy.
647§ 123. The Doctrine of Scotus Erigena.
22§ 11. Heathenism.
648§ 124. The Eucharistic Controversies. Literature.
23§ 12. Grecian Literature, and the Roman Empire.
649§ 125. The Two Theories of the Lord’s Supper.
24§ 13. Judaism and Heathenism in Contact.
650§ 126. The Theory of Paschasius Radbertus.
25CHAPTER II. JESUS CHRIST.
651§ 127. The Theory of Ratramnus.
26§ 14. Sources and Literature.
652§ 128. The Berengar Controversy.
27§ 15. The Founder of Christianity.
653§ 129. Berengar’s Theory of the Lord’s Supper.
28§ 16. Chronology of the Life of Christ.
654§ 130. Lanfranc and the Triumph of Transubstantiation.
29§ 17. The Land and the People.
655CHAPTER XII. HERETICAL SECTS.
30§ 18. Apocryphal Traditions.
656§ 131. The Paulicians.
31§ 19. The Resurrection of Christ.
657§ 132. The Euchites and other Sects in the East.
32CHAPTER III. THE APOSTOLIC AGE
658§ 133. The New Manichaeans in the West.
33§ 20. Sources and Literature of the Apostolic Age.
659§ 134. Literature.
34§ 21. General Character of the Apostolic Age.
660§ 135. Literary Character of the Early Middle Ages.
35§ 22. The Critical Reconstruction of the History of the Apostolic Age.
661§ 136. Learning in the Eastern Church.
36§ 23. Chronology of the Apostolic Age.
662§ 137. Christian Platonism and the Pseudo-Dionysian Writings.
37CHAPTER IV. ST. PETER AND THE CONVERSION OF THE JEWS
663§ 138. Prevailing Ignorance in the Western Church.
38§ 24. The Miracle of Pentecost and the Birthday of the Christian Church. a.d. 30.
664§ 139. Educational Efforts of the Church.
39§ 25. The Church of Jerusalem and the Labors of Peter.
665§ 140. Patronage of Letters by Charles the Great, and Charles the Bald.
40§ 26. The Peter of History and the Peter of Fiction.
666§ 141. Alfred the Great, and Education in England.
41§ 27. James the Brother of the Lord.
667§ 142. Chronological List of the Principal Ecclesiastical Writers from the Sixth to the Twelfth Century.
42§ 28. Preparation for the Mission to the Gentiles.
668§ 143. St. Maximus Confessor.
43CHAPTER V. ST. PAUL AND THE CONVERSION OF THE GENTILES.
669§ 144. John of Damascus.
44§ 29. Sources and Literature on St. Paul and his Work.
670§ 145. Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
45§ 30. Paul before his Conversion.
671§ 146. Simeon Metaphrastes.
46§ 31. The Conversion of Paul.
672§ 147. Oecumenius.
47§ 32. The Work of Paul.
673§ 148. Theophylact.
48§ 33. Paul’s Missionary Labors.
674§ 149. Michael Psellus.
49§ 34. The Synod of Jerusalem, and the Compromise between Jewish and Gentile Christianity.
675§ 150. Euthymius Zigabenus.
50§ 35. The Conservative Reaction, and the Liberal Victory—
676§ 151. Eustathius of Thessalonica.
51§ 36. Christianity in Rome.
677§ 152. Nicetas Acominatos.
52CHAPTER VI. THE GREAT TRIBULATION. (MATT. 24:21.)
678§ 153. Cassiodorus.
53§ 37. The Roman Conflagration and the Neronian Persecution.
679§ 154. St. Gregory of Tours.
54§ 38. The Jewish War and the Destruction of Jerusalem. a.d. 70.
680§ 155. St. Isidore of Seville.
55§ 39. Effects of the Destruction of Jerusalem on the Christian Church.
681§ 156. The Venerable Bede (Baeda).
56CHAPTER VII. ST. JOHN, AND THE LAST STADIUM OF THE APOSTOLIC PERIOD. THE CONSOLIDATION OF JEWISH AND GENTILE CHRISTIANITY.
682§ 157. Paul the Deacon.
57§ 40. The Johannean Literature.
683§ 158. St. Paulinus of Aquileia.
58§ 41. Life and Character of John
684§ 159. Alcuin.
59§ 42. Apostolic Labors of John.
685§ 160. St. Liudger.
60§ 43. Traditions Respecting John.600
686§ 161. Theodulph of Orleans.
61Literature.
687§ 162. St. Eigil.
62§ 44. The Power of Christianity.
688§ 163. Amalarius.
63§ 45. The Spiritual Gifts.
689§ 164. Einhard.
64§ 46. Christianity in Individuals.
690§ 165. Smaragdus.
65§ 47. Christianity and the Family.
691§ 166. Jonas of Orleans.
66§ 48. Christianity and Slavery.
692§ 167. Rabanus Maurus.
67§ 49. Christianity and Society.
693§ 168. Haymo.
68§ 50. Spiritual Condition of the Congregations.—The Seven Churches in Asia.
694§ 169. Walahfrid Strabo.
69Literature.
695§ 170. Florus Magister, of Lyons.
70§ 51. The Synagogue.
696§ 171. Servatus Lupus.
71§ 52. Christian Worship.
697§ 172. Druthmar.
72§ 53. The Several Parts of Worship.
698§ 173. St. Paschasius Radbertus.
73§ 54. Baptism.
699§ 174. Patramnus.
74§ 55. The Lord’s Supper.
700§ 175. Hincmar of Rheims.
75§ 56. Sacred Places.
701§ 176. Johannes Scotus Erigena.
76§ 57. Sacred Times—The Lord’s Day.
702§ 177. Anastasius.
77§ 58. Literature.
703§ 178. Ratherius of Verona.
78§ 59. The Christian Ministry, and its Relation to the Christian Community.
704§ 179. Gerbert (Sylvester II.).
79§ 60. Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists.
705§ 180. Fulbert of Chartres.
80§ 61. Presbyters or Bishops. The Angels of the Seven Churches. James of Jerusalem.
706§ 181. Rodulfus Glaber. Adam of Bremen.
81§ 62. Deacons and Deaconesses.
707§ 182. St. Peter Damiani.
82§ 63. Church Discipline.
708THE FIFTH PERIOD OF CHURCH HISTORY.
83§ 64. The Council at Jerusalem.
709PREFACE
84§ 65. The Church and the Kingdom of Christ.
710§ 3. Sources and Literature on Chapters I. and II.
85§ 66. Literature.
711§ 4. Hildebrand and his Training.
86§ 67. Unity of Apostolic Teaching.
712§ 5. Hildebrand and Leo IX. 1049–1054.
87§ 68. Different Types of Apostolic Teaching.
713§ 6. Victor II. and Stephen IX. (X.). 1055–1058.
88§ 69. The Jewish Christian Theology—I. James and the Gospel of Law.
714§ 7. Nicolas II. and the Cardinals. 1059–1061.
89§ 70. II. Peter and the Gospel of Hope.
715§ 8. The War against Clerical Marriage.
90§ 71. The Gentile Christian Theology. Paul and the Gospel of Faith.
716§ 9. Alexander II. and the Schism of Cadalus. 1061–1073.
91§ 72. John and the Gospel of Love.
717§ 10. Hildebrand elected Pope. His Views on the Situation.
92§ 73. Heretical Perversions of the Apostolic Teaching.
718§ 11. The Gregorian Theocracy.
93§ 74. Literature.
719§ 12. Gregory VII. as a Moral Reformer. Simony and Clerical Marriage.
94§ 75. Rise of the Apostolic Literature.
720§ 13. The Enforcement of Sacerdotal Celibacy.
95§ 76. Character of the New Testament.
721§ 14. The War over Investiture.
96§ 77. Literature on the Gospels.
722§ 15. Gregory VII. and Henry IV.
97§ 78. The Four Gospels.
723§ 16. Canossa. 1077.
98§ 79. The Synoptists.
724§ 17. Renewal of the Conflict. Two Kings and Two Popes.
99§ 80. Matthew.
725§ 18. Death of Gregory VII.
100§ 81. Mark.
726CHAPTER III. THE PAPACY FROM THE DEATH OF GREGORY VII. TO THE CONCORDAT OF WORMS. A.D. 1085–1122.
101§ 82. Luke.
727§ 19. Victor III. and Urban II. 1086–1099.
102§ 83. John.
728§ 20. Pascal II. and Henry V. 1099–1118.
103§ 84. Critical Review of the Johannean Problem.
729§ 21. The Concordat of Worms. 1122.
104§ 85. The Acts of the Apostles.
730§ 22. The Conflict of the Hierarchy in England. William the Conqueror and Lanfranc.
105§ 86. The Epistles.
731§ 23. William Rufus and Anselm.
106§ 87. The Catholic Epistles.
732§ 24. Anselm and Henry I.
107§ 88. The Epistles of Paul
733§ 25. Innocent II., 1130–1143, and Eugene III., 1145–1153.
108§ 89. The Epistles to the Thessalonians.
734§ 26. Arnold of Brescia.
109§ 90. The Epistles to the Corinthians.
735§ 27. The Popes and the Hohenstaufen.
110§ 91. The Epistles to the Galatians.
736§ 28. Adrian IV. and Frederick Barbarossa.
111§ 92. The Epistle to the Romans.
737§ 29. Alexander III. in Conflict with Barbarossa.
112§ 93. The Epistles of the Captivity.
738§ 30. The Peace of Venice. 1177.
113§ 94. The Epistle to the Colossians.
739§ 31. Thomas Becket and Henry II of England.
114§ 95. The Epistle to the Ephesians.
740§ 32. The Archbishop and the King.
115§ 96. Colossians and Ephesians Compared and Vindicated.
741§ 33. The Martyrdom of Thomas Becket. Dec. 29, 1170.
116§ 97. The Epistle to the Philippians.
742§ 34. The Effects of Becket’s Murder.
117§ 98. The Epistle to Philemon.
743§ 35. Literature.
118§ 99. The Pastoral Epistles.
744§ 36. Innocent’s Training and Election.
119§ 100. The Epistle To The Hebrews.
745§ 37. Innocent’s Theory of the Papacy.
120§ 101. The Apocalypse.
746§ 38. Innocent and the German Empire.
121§ 102. Concluding Reflections. Faith and Criticism. (pt. 1)
747§ 39. Innocent and King John of England.
122§ 102. Concluding Reflections. Faith and Criticism. (pt. 2)
748§ 40. Innocent and Magna Charta.
123SECOND PERIOD ANTE-NICENE CHRISTIANITY A.D. 100–311 (325).
749§ 41. The Fourth Lateran Council, 1215.
124PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION REVISED
750CHAPTER VI. THE PAPACY FROM THE DEATH OF INNOCENT III. TO BONIFACE VIII. 1216–1294.
125FIFTH EDITION
751§ 42. The Papal Conflict with Frederick II Begun.
126PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
752§ 43. Gregory IX. and Frederick II. 1227–1241.
127INTRODUCTION
753§ 44. The First Council of Lyons and the Close of Frederick’s Career. 1241–1250.
128§ 3. Literature.
754§ 45. The Last of the Hohenstaufen.
129§ 4. Hindrances and Helps.
755§ 46. The Empire and Papacy at Peace. 1271–1294.
130§ 5. Causes of the Success of Christianity.
756§ 47. Literature on the Crusades as a Whole.
131§ 6. Means of Propagation.
757§ 48. Character and Causes of the Crusades.
132§ 7. Extent of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
758§ 49. The Call to the Crusades.
133§ 8. Christianity in Asia.
759§ 50. The First Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem.
134§ 9. Christianity in Egypt.
760§ 51. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1099–1187.
135§ 10. Christianity in North Africa.
761§ 52. The Fall of Edessa and the Second Crusade.
136§ 11. Christianity in Europe.
762§ 53. The Third Crusade. 1189–1192.
137§ 12. Literature.
763§ 54. The Children’s Crusades.
138§ 13. General Survey.
764§ 55. The Fourth Crusade and the Capture of Constantinople. 1200–1204.
139§ 14. Jewish Persecution.
765§ 56. Frederick II. and the Fifth Crusade. 1229.
140§ 15. Causes of Roman Persecution.
766§ 57. St. Louis and the Last Crusades. 1248, 1270.
141§ 16. Condition of the Church before the Reign of Trajan.
767§ 58. The Last Stronghold of the Crusaders in Palestine.
142§ 17. Trajan. a.d. 98–117—Christianity Forbidden—Martyrdom of Symeon of Jerusalem, and Ignatius of Antioch.
768§ 59. Effects of the Crusades.
143§ 18. Hadrian. a.d. 117–138.
769§ 60. The Military Orders.
144§ 19 Antoninus Pius. a.d. 137–161. The Martyrdom of Polycarp.
770§ 61. The Revival of Monasticism.
145§ 20. Persecutions under Marcus Aurelius. a.d. 161–180.
771§ 62. Monasticism and the Papacy.
146§ 21. Condition of the Church from Septimius Severus to Philip the Arabian. a.d. 193–249.
772§ 63. The Monks of Cluny.
147§ 22. Persecutions under Decius, and Valerian. a.d. 249–260. Martyrdom of Cyprian.
773§ 64. The Cistercians.
148§ 23. Temporary Repose. a.d. 260–303.
774§ 65. St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
149§ 24. The Diocletian Persecution, a.d. 303–311.
775§ 66. The Augustinians, Carthusians, Carmelites, and other Orders.
150§ 25. The Edicts of Toleration. a.d. 311–313.
776§ 67. Monastic Prophets.
151§ 26. Christian Martyrdom.
777§ 68. The Mendicant Orders.
152§ 27. Rise of the Worship of Martyrs and Relics.
778§ 69. Franciscan Literature.
153§ 28. Literature.
779§ 70. St. Francis d’Assisi.
154§ 29. Literary Opposition to Christianity.
780§ 71. The Franciscans.
155§ 30. Jewish Opposition. Josephus and the Talmud.
781§ 72. St. Dominic and the Dominicans.
156§ 31. Pagan Opposition. Tacitus and Pliny.
782CHAPTER IX. MISSIONS.
157§ 32. Direct Assaults. Celsus.
783§ 73. Literature and General Survey.
158§ 33. Lucian.
784§ 74. Missions in Northeastern Germany.
159§ 34. Neo-Platonism.
785§ 75. Missions among the Mohammedans.
160§ 35. Porphyry and Hierocles
786§ 76. Missions among the Mongols.
161§ 36. Summary of the Objections to Christianity.
787§ 77. The Jews.
162§ 37. The Apologetic Literature of Christianity.
788§ 78. Literature for the Entire Chapter.
163§ 38. The Argument against Judaism.
789§ 79. The Mediaeval Dissenters.
164§ 39. The Defense against Heathenism.
790§ 80. The Cathari.
165§ 40. The Positive Apology.
791§ 81. Peter de Bruys and Other Independent Leaders.
166§ 41. Progress in Consolidation.
792§ 82. The Amaurians and Other Isolated Sects.
167§ 42. Clergy and Laity.
793§ 83. The Beguines and Beghards.
168§ 43. New Church Officers.
794§ 84. The Waldenses.
169§ 44. Origin of the Episcopate.
795§ 85. The Crusades against the Albigenses.
170§ 45. Development of the Episcopate. Ignatius.
796§ 86. The Inquisition. Its Origin and Purpose.
171§ 46. Episcopacy at the time of Irenaeus and Tertullian.
797§ 87. The Inquisition. Its Mode of Procedure and Penalties.
172§ 47. Cyprianic Episcopacy.
798§ 88. Schools.
173§ 48. The Pseudo-Clementine Episcopacy.
799§ 89. Books and Libraries.
174§ 49. Beginnings of the Metropolitan and Patriarchal Systems
800§ 90. The Universities.
175§ 50. Germs of the Papacy.
801§ 91. The University of Bologna.
176§ 51. Chronology of the Popes.
802§ 92. The University of Paris.
177§ 52. List of the Roman Bishops and Roman Emperors during the First Three Centuries.
803§ 93. Oxford and Cambridge.
178§ 53. The Catholic Unity.
804§ 94. The Cathedrals.
179§ 54. Councils.
805§ 95. Literature and General Introduction.
180§ 55. The Councils of Elvira, Arles, and Ancyra.
806§ 96. Sources and Development of Scholasticism.
181§ 56. Collections of Ecclesiastical Law. The Apostolical Constitutions and Canons.
807§ 97. Realism and Nominalism.
182§ 57. Church Discipline.
808§ 98. Anselm of Canterbury.
183§ 58. Church Schisms.
809§ 99. Peter Abaelard.
184§ 59. Places of Common Worship.
810§ 100. Abaelard’s Teachings and Theology.
185§ 60. The Lord’s Day.
811§ 101. Younger Contemporaries of Abaelard.
186§ 61. The Christian Passover. (Easter).
812§ 102. Peter the Lombard and the Summists.
187§ 62. The Paschal Controversies.
813§ 103. Mysticism.
188§ 63. Pentecost.
814§ 104. St. Bernard as a Mystic.
189§ 64. The Epiphany
815§ 105. Hugo and Richard of St. Victor.
190§ 65. The Order of Public Worship.
816CHAPTER XIII. SCHOLASTICISM AT ITS HEIGHT.
191§ 66. Parts of Worship.
817§ 106. Alexander of Hales.
192§ 67. Division of Divine Service. The Disciplina Arcani.
818§ 107. Albertus Magnus.
193§ 68. Celebration of the Eucharist.
819§ 108 Thomas Aquinas.
194§ 69. The Doctrine of the Eucharist.
820§ 109. Bonaventura.
195§ 70. The Celebration of Baptism.
821§ 110. Duns Scotus.
196§ 71. The Doctrine of Baptism.
822§ 111. Roger Bacon.
197§ 72. Catechetical Instruction and Confirmation.
823§ 112. Literature on the Sacraments.
198§ 73. Infant Baptism.
824§ 113. The Seven Sacraments.
199§ 74. Heretical Baptism.
825§ 114. Baptism and Confirmation.
200§ 75. Literature.
826§ 115. The Eucharist.
201§ 76. Origin of Christian Art.
827§ 116. Eucharistic Practice and Superstition.
202§ 77. The Cross and the Crucifix.
828§ 117. Penance and Indulgences.
203§ 78. Other Christian Symbols.
829§ 118. Penance and Indulgences.
204§ 79 Historical and Allegorical Pictures
830§ 119. Extreme Unction, Ordination, and Marriage.
205§ 80. Allegorical Representations of Christ.
831§ 120. Sin and Grace.
206§ 81. Pictures of the Virgin Mary.
832§ 121. The Future State.
207CHAPTER VII. THE CHURCH IN THE CATACOMBS.
833§ 122. The canon Law.
208§ 82. Literature.
834§ 123. The Papal Supremacy in Church and State.
209§ 83. Origin and History of the Catacomb.
835§ 124. The Pope and the Curia.
210§ 84. Description of the Catacombs.
836§ 125. Bishops.
211§ 85. Pictures and Sculptures.
837§ 126. The Lower Clergy.
212§ 86. Epitaphs.
838§ 127. The Councils.
213§ 87. Lessons of the Catacombs.
839§ 128. Church and Clergy in England.
214§ 88. Literature.
840§ 129. Two English Bishops.
215§ 89. Moral Corruption of the Roman Empire.
841§ 130. The Worship of Mary.
216§ 90. Stoic Morality
842§ 131. The Worship of Relics.
217§ 91. Epictetus.
843§ 132. The Sermon.
218§ 92. Marcus Aurelius.
844§ 133. Hymns and Sacred Poetry.
219§ 93. Plutarch.
845§ 134. The Religious Drama.
220§ 94. Christian Morality.
846§ 135. The Flagellants.
221§ 95. The Church and Public Amusements.
847§ 136. Demonology and the Dark Arts.
222§ 96. Secular Callings and Civil Duties.
848§ 137. The Age passing Judgment upon Itself.
223§ 97. The Church and Slavery.
849THE SIXTH PERIOD OF CHURCH HISTYRY.
224§ 98. The Heathen Family.
850PREFACE
225§ 99. The Christian Family.
851§ 2. Sources and Literature.
226§ 100. Brotherly Love, and Love for Enemies.
852§ 3. Pope Boniface VIII. 1294–1303.
227§ 101. Prayer and Fasting.
853§ 4. Boniface VIII. and Philip the Fair of France.
228§ 102. Treatment of the Dead
854§ 5. Literary Attacks against the Papacy.
229§ 103. Summary of Moral Reforms.
855§ 6. The Transfer of the Papacy to Avignon.
230CHAPTER IX. ASCETIC TENDENCIES.
856§ 7. The Pontificate of John XXII 1316–1334.
231§ 104. Ascetic Virtue and Piety.
857§ 8. The Papal Office Assailed.
232§ 105. Heretical and Catholic Asceticism.
858§ 9. The Financial Policy of the Avignon Popes.
233§ 106. Voluntary Poverty.
859§ 10. The Later Avignon Popes.
234§ 107. Voluntary Celibacy.
860§ 11. The Re-establishment of the Papacy in Rome. 1377.
235§ 108. Celibacy of the Clergy.
861§ 12. Sources and Literature.
236CHAPTER X. MONTANISM.
862§ 13. The Schism Begun. 1378.
237§ 109. Literature.
863§ 14. Further Progress of the Schism. 1378–1409.
238§ 110. External History of Montanism.
864§ 15. The Council of Pisa.
239§ 111. Character and Tenets of Montanism.
865§ 16. The Council of Constance. 1414–1418.
240§ 112. Judaism and Heathenism within the Church.
866§ 17. The council of Basel. 1431–1449.
241§ 113. Nazarenes and Ebionites (Elkesaites, Mandoeans).
867§ 18. The Council of Ferrara-Florence. 1438–1445.
242§ 114. The Pseudo-Clementine Ebionism.
868§ 19. Literature.
243§ 115. Gnosticism. The Literature.
869§ 20. Ockam and the Decay of Scholasticism.
244§ 116. Meaning, Origin and Character of Gnosticism.
870§ 21. Catherine of Siena, the Saint.
245§ 117. The System of Gnosticism. Its Theology.
871§ 22. Peter d’Ailly, Ecclesiastical Statesman.
246§ 118. Ethics of Gnosticism.
872§ 23. John Gerson, Theologian and Church Leader.
247§ 119. Cultus and Organization.
873§ 24. Nicolas of Clamanges, the Moralist.
248§ 120. Schools of Gnosticism.
874§ 25. Nicolas of Cusa, Scholar and Churchman.
249§ 121. Simon Magus and the Simonians.
875§ 26. Popular Preachers.
250§ 122. The Nicolaitans.
876§ 27. Sources and Literature.
251§ 123. Cerinthus.
877§ 28. The New Mysticism.
252§ 124. Basilides.
878§ 29. Meister Eckart.
253§ 125. Valentinus.
879§ 30. John Tauler of Strassburg.
254§ 126. The School of Valentinus. Heracleon, Ptolemy, Marcos, Bardesanes, Harmonius.
880§ 31. Henry Suso.
255§ 127. Marcion and his School.
881§ 32. The Friends of God.
256§ 128. The Ophites. The Sethites. The Peratae. The Cainites
882§ 33. John of Ruysbroeck.
257§ 129. Saturninus (Satornilos).
883§ 34. Gerrit de Groote and the Brothers of the Common Life.
258§ 130. Carpocrates.
884§ 35. The Imitation of Christ. Thomas à Kempis.
259§ 131. Tatian and the Encratites.
885§ 36. The German Theology.
260§ 132. Justin the Gnostic.
886§ 37. English Mystics.
261§ 133. Hermogenes.
887§ 38. Sources and Literature.
262§ 134. Other Gnostic Sects.
888§ 39. The Church in England in the Fourteenth Century.
263§ 135. Mani and the Manichaeans.
889§ 40. John Wyclif.
264§ 136. The Manichaean System.
890§ 41. Wyclif’s Teachings.
265§ 137. Catholic Orthodoxy.
891§ 42. Wyclif and the Scriptures.
266§ 138. The Holy Scriptures and the Canon.
892§ 43. The Lollards.
267§ 139. Catholic Tradition.
893§ 44. John Huss of Bohemia.
268§ 140. The Rule of Faith and the Apostles’ Creed.
894§ 45. Huss at Constance.
269§ 141. Variations of the Apostles’ Creed.
895§ 46. Jerome of Prag.
270§ 142. God and the Creation.
896§ 47. The Hussites.
271§ 143. Man and the Fall.
897§ 48. Literature and General Survey.
272§ 144. Christ and the Incarnation.
898§ 49. Nicolas V. 1447–1455.
273§ 145. The Divinity of Christ.
899§ 50. Aeneas Sylvius de’ Piccolomini, Pius II.
274§ 146. The Humanity of Christ.
900§ 51. Paul II. 1464–1471.
275§ 147. The Relation of the Divine and the Human in Christ.
901§ 52. Sixtus IV. 1471–1484.
276§ 148. The Holy Spirit.
902§ 53. Innocent VIII. 1484–1492.
277§ 149. The Holy Trinity.
903§ 54. Pope Alexander VI—Borgia. 1492–1503.
278§ 150. Antitrinitarians. First Class: The Alogi, Theodotus, Artemon, Paul of Samosata.
904§ 55. Julius II., the Warrior-Pope. 1503–1513.
279§ 151. Second Class of Antitrinitarians: Praxeas, Noëtus, Callistus, Berryllus.
905§ 56. Leo X. 1513–1521.
280§ 152. Sabellianism.
906CHAPTER VII. HERESY AND WITCHCRAFT.
281§ 153. Redemption.
907§ 57. Literature.
282§ 154. Other Doctrines.
908§ 58. Heretical and Unchurchly Movements.
283§ 155. Eschatology. Immortality and Resurrection.
909§ 59. Witchcraft and its Punishment.
284§ 156. Between Death and Resurrection.
910§ 60. The Spanish Inquisition.
285§ 157. After Judgment. Future Punishment.
911§ 61. Literature of the Renaissance.
286§ 158. Chiliasm.
912§ 62. The Intellectual Awakening.
287§ 159. Literature.
913§ 63. Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio.
288§ 160. A General Estimate of the Fathers.
914§ 64. Progress and Patrons of Classical Studies in the 15th Century.
289§ 161. The Apostolic Fathers.
915§ 65. Greek Teachers and Italian Humanists.
290§ 162. Clement of Rome.
916§ 66. The Artists.
291§ 163. The Pseudo-Clementine Works.
917§ 67. The Revival of Paganism.
292§ 164. Ignatius of Antioch.
918§ 68. Humanism in Germany.
293§ 165. The Ignatian Controversy.
919§ 69. Reuchlin and Erasmus.
294§ 166. Polycarp of Smyrna.
920§ 70. Humanism in France.
295§ 167. Barnabas.
921§ 71. Humanism in England.
296§ 168. Hermas.
922§ 72. Literature.
297§ 169. Papias.
923§ 73. The Clergy.
298§ 170. The Epistle to Diognetus.
924§ 74. Preaching.
299§ 171. Sixtus of Rome.
925§ 75. Doctrinal Reformers.
300§ 172. The Apologists. Quadratus and Aristides.
926§ 76. Girolamo Savonarola.
301§ 173. Justin the Philosopher and Martyr.
927§ 77. The Study and Circulation of the Bible.
302§ 174. The Other Greek Apologists. Tatian.
928§ 78. Popular Piety.
303§ 175. Athenagoras.
929§ 79. Works of Charity.
304§ 176. Theophilus of Antioch.
930§ 80. The Sale of Indulgences.
305§ 177. Melito of Sardis.
931CHAPTER X. THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
306§ 178. Apolinarius of Hierapolis. Miltiades.
932HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. 1517 – 1648.
307§ 179. Hermias.
933PREFACE.
308§ 180. Hegesippus.
934§ 1. The Turning Point of Modern History.
309§ 181. Dionysius of Corinth.
935§ 2. Protestantism and Romanism.
310§ 182. Irenaeus
936§ 3. Necessity of a Reformation.
311§ 183. Hippolytus.
937§ 4. The Preparations for the Reformation.
312§ 184. Caius of Rome.
938§ 5. The Genius and Aim of the Reformation.
313§ 185. The Alexandrian School of Theology.
939§ 6. The Authority of the Scriptures.
314§ 186. Clement of Alexandria.
940§ 7. Justification by Faith.
315§ 187. Origen.
941§ 8. The Priesthood of the Laity.
316§ 188. The Works of Origen.
942§ 9. The Reformation and Rationalism.
317§ 189. Gregory Thaumaturgus.
943§ 10. Protestantism and Denominationalism.38
318§ 190. Dionysius the Great.
944§ 11. Protestantism and Religious Liberty.
319§ 191. Julius Africanus.
945§ 12. Religious Intolerance and Liberty in England and America.
320§ 192. Minor Divines of the Greek Church.
946§ 13. Chronological Limits.
321§ 193. Opponents of Origen. Methodius
947§ 14. General Literature on the Reformation.
322§ 194. Lucian of Antioch.
948FIRST BOOK.
323§ 195. The Antiochian School.
949§ 15. Literature of the German Reformation.
324§ 196. Tertullian and the African School.
950§ 16. Germany and the Reformation.
325§ 197. The Writings of Tertullian.
951§ 17. The Luther Literature.
326§ 198.s Minucius Felix.
952§ 18. Luther’s Youth and Training.
327§ 199. Cyprian.
953§ 19. Luther in the University of Erfurt.
328§ 200. Novatian.
954§ 20. Luther’s Conversion.
329§ 201. Commodian.
955§ 21. Luther as a Monk.
330§ 202. Arnobius.
956§ 22. Luther and Staupitz.
331§ 203. Victorinus of Petau.
957§ 23. The Victory of Justifying Faith.
332§ 204. Eusebius, Lactantius, Hosius. (pt. 1)
958§ 24. Luther Ordained to the Priesthood.
333§ 204. Eusebius, Lactantius, Hosius. (pt. 2)
959§ 25. Luther in Rome.140
334PREFACE TO THE THIRD REVISION
960§ 26. The University of Wittenberg.
335PREFACE
961§ 27. Luther as Professor till 1517.
336THIRD PERIOD FROM CONSTANTINE THE GREAT TO GREGORY THE GREAT. A. D. 311–590.
962§ 28. Luther and Mysticism. The Theologia Germanica.
337§ 2. Constantine The Great. a.d. 306–337.
963§ 29. The Penitential Psalms. The Eve of the Reformation.
338§ 3. The Sons of Constantine. a.d. 337–361.
964§ 30. The Sale of Indulgences.
339§ 4. Julian the Apostate, and the Reaction of Paganism. a.d. 361–363.
965§ 31. Luther and Tetzel.
340§ 5. From Jovian to Theodosius. a.d. 363–392.
966§ 32. The Ninety-five Theses. Oct. 31, 1517.
341§ 6. Theodosius the Great and his Successors. a.d. 392–550.
967§ 33. The Theses-Controversy. 1518.
342§ 7. The Downfall of Heathenism.
968§ 34. Rome’s Interposition. Luther and Prierias. 1518.
343CHAPTER II. THE LITERARY TRIUMPH OF CHRISTIANITY OVER GREEK AND ROMAN HEATHENISM.
969§ 35. Luther and Cajetan. October, 1518.
344§ 8. Heathen Polemics. New Objections.
970§ 36. Luther and Miltitz. January, 1519.
345§ 9. Julian’s Attack upon Christianity.
971§ 37. The Leipzig Disputation. June 27-July 15, 1519.
346§ 10. The Heathen Apologetic Literature.
972§ 38. Philip Melanchthon. Literature (Portrait).
347§ 11. Christian Apologists and Polemics.
973§ 40. Melanchthon’s Early Labors.
348§ 12. Augustine’s City of God. Salvianus.
974§ 41. Luther and Melanchthon.
349§ 13. The New Position of the Church in the Empire.
975§ 42. Ulrich von Hutten and Luther.
350§ 14. Rights and Privileges of the Church. Secular Advantages.
976§ 43. Luther’s Crusade against Popery. 1520.
351§ 15. Support of the Clergy.
977§ 44. Address to the German Nobility.
352§ 16. Episcopal Jurisdiction and Intercession.
978§ 45. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church. October, 1520.
353§ 17. Legal Sanction of Sunday.
979§ 46. Christian Freedom.—Luther’s Last Letter to the Pope. October, 1520.
354§ 18. Influence of Christianity on Civil Legislation. The Justinian Code.
980§ 47. The bull of Excommunication. June 15, 1520.
355§ 19. Elevation of Woman and the Family.
981§ 48. Luther burns the Pope’s bull, and forever breaks with Rome. Dec. 10, 1520.
356§ 20. Social Reforms. The Institution of Slavery.
982§ 49. The Reformation and the Papacy.
357§ 21. Abolition of Gladiatorial Shows.
983§ 50. Charles V.
358§ 22. Evils of the Union of Church and State. Secularization of the Church.
984§ 51. The Ecclesiastical Policy of Charles V.
359§ 23. Worldliness and Extravagance.
985§ 52. The Abdication of Charles, and his Cloister Life.
360§ 24. Byzantine Court Christianity.
986§ 53. The Diet of Worms. 1521.
361§ 25. Intrusion of Politics into Religion.
987§ 54. Luther’s Journey to Worms.
362§ 26. The Emperor-Papacy and the Hierarchy.
988§ 55. Luther’s Testimony before the Diet.
363§ 27. Restriction of Religious Freedom, and Beginnings of Persecution of Heretics.
989§ 56. Reflections on Luther’s Testimony at Worms.
364§ 28. Origin of Christian Monasticism. Comparison with other forms of Asceticism.
990§ 57. Private Conferences with Luther. The Emperors Conduct.
365§ 29. Development of Monasticism.
991§ 58. The Ban of the Empire. May 8 (26), 1521.
366§ 30. Nature and Aim of Monasticism.
992§ 59. State of Public Opinion. Popular Literature.
367§ 31. Monasticism and the Bible.
993§ 60. A New Phase in the History of the Reformation.
368§ 32. Lights and Shades of Monastic Life.
994§ 61. Luther at the Wartburg. 1521–1522.
369§ 33. Position of Monks in the Church.
995§ 62. Luther’s Translation of the Bible.
370§ 34. Influence and Effect of Monasticism.
996§ 63. A Critical Estimate of Luther’s Version.
371§ 35. Paul of Thebes and St. Anthony.
997§ 64. Melanchthon’s Theology.
372§ 36. Spread of Anchoretism. Hilarion.
998§ 65. Protestant Radicalism. Disturbances at Erfurt.
373§ 37. St. Symeon and the Pillar Saints.
999§ 66. The Revolution at Wittenberg. Carlstadt and the New Prophets.
374§ 38. Pachomius and the Cloister life.
1000§ 67. Luther returns to Wittenberg.
375§ 39. Fanatical and Heretical Monastic Societies in The East.
1001§ 68. Luther restores Order in Wittenberg.—The End of Carlstadt.
376§ 40. Monasticism in the West. Athanasius, Ambrose, Augustine, Martin of Tours.
1002§ 69. The Diets of Nürnberg, a.d. 1522–1524. Adrian VI.
377§ 41. St. Jerome as a Monk.
1003§ 70. Luther and Henry VIII
378§ 42. St. Paula.
1004§ 71. Erasmus.
379§ 43. Benedict of Nursia.
1005§ 72. Erasmus and the Reformation.
380§ 44. The Rule of St. Benedict.
1006§ 73. The Free-will Controversy. 1524–1527.
381§ 45. The Benedictines. Cassiodorus.
1007§ 74. Wilibald Pirkheimer.
382§ 46. Opposition to Monasticism. Jovinian.
1008§ 75. The Peasants’ War. 1523–1525.
383§ 47. Helvidius, Vigilantius, and Aerius.
1009§ 76. The Three Electors.
384§ 48. Schools of the Clergy.
1010§ 77. Luther’s Marriage. 1525.
385§ 49. Clergy and Laity. Elections.
1011§ 78. Luther’s Home Life.
386§ 50. Marriage and Celibacy of the Clergy.
1012§ 79. Reflections on Clerical Family Life.
387§ 51. Moral Character of the Clergy in general.
1013§ 80. Reformation of Public Worship.
388§ 52. The Lower Clergy.
1014§ 81. Prominent Features of Evangelical Worship.
389§ 53. The Bishops.
1015§ 82. Beginnings of Evangelical Hymnody.
390§ 54. Organization of the Hierarchy: Country Bishop, City Bishops, and Metropolitans.
1016§ 83. Common Schools.
391§ 55. The Patriarchs.
1017§ 84. Reconstruction of Church Government and Discipline.
392§ 56. Synodical Legislation on the Patriarchal Power and Jurisdiction.
1018§ 85. Enlarged Conception of the Church. Augustin, Wiclif, Hus, Luther.
393§ 57. The Rival Patriarchs of Old and New Rome.
1019§ 86. Changes in the Views on the Ministry. Departure from the Episcopal Succession. Luther ordains a Deacon, and consecrates a Bishop.
394§ 58. The Latin Patriarch.
1020§ 87. Relation of Church and State.
395§ 59. Conflicts and Conquests of the Latin Patriarchate.
1021§ 88. Church Visitation in Saxony.
396§ 60. The Papacy.
1022§ 89. Luther’s Catechisms. 1529.
397§ 61. Opinions of the Fathers.
1023§ 90. The Typical Catechisms of Protestantism.
398§ 62. The Decrees of Councils on the Papal Authority.
1024§ 91. Causes and Means of Progress.
399§ 63. Leo the Great. a.d. 440–461.
1025§ 92. The Printing-Press and the Reformation.
400§ 64. The Papacy from Leo I to Gregory I. a.d. 461–590.
1026§ 93. Protestantism in Saxony.
401§ 65. The Synodical System. The Ecumenical Councils.
1027§ 94. The Reformation in Nürnberg.
402§ 66. List of the Ecumenical Councils of the Ancient Church,
1028§ 95. The Reformation in Strassburg. Martin Bucer.
403§ 67. Books of Ecclesiastical Law.
1029§ 96. The Reformation in North Germany.
404CHAPTER VI. CHURCH DISCIPLINE AND SCHISMS.
1030§ 97. Protestantism in Augsburg and South Germany.
405§ 68. Decline of Discipline.
1031§ 98. The Reformation in Hesse, and the Synod of Homberg. Philip of Hesse, and Lambert of Avignon.
406§ 69. The Donatist Schism. External History.
1032§ 99. The Reformation in Prussia. Duke Albrecht and Bishop Georg Von Polenz.
407§ 70. Augustine and the Donatists. Their Persecution and Extinction.
1033§ 100. Protestant Martyrs.
408§ 71. Internal History of the Donatist Schism. Dogma of the Church.
1034§ 101. Sacerdotalism and Sacramentalism.
409§ 72. The Roman Schism of Damasus and Ursinus.
1035§ 102. The Anabaptist Controversy. Luther and Huebmaier.
410§ 73. The Meletian Schism at Antioch.
1036§ 103. The Eucharistic Controversy.
411§ 74. The Revolution in Cultus.
1037§ 104. Luther’s Theory before the Controversy.
412§ 75. The Civil and Religious Sunday.
1038§ 105. Luther and Carlstadt.
413§ 76. The Church Year.
1039§ 106. Luther and Zwingli.
414§ 77. The Christmas Cycle.
1040§ 107. The Marburg Conference, a.d. 1529. (With Facsimile of Signatures.)
415§ 78. The Easter Cycle.
1041§ 108. The Marburg Conference continued. Discussion and Result.
416§ 79. The Time of the Easter Festival.
1042§ 109. Luther’s Last Attack on the Sacramentarians. His Relation to Calvin.
417§ 80. The Cycle of Pentecost.
1043§ 110. Reflections on the Ethics of the Eucharistic Controversy.
418§ 81. The Exaltation of the Virgin Mariology.
1044§ 111. The Eucharistic Theories compared. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin.
419§ 82. Mariolatry.
1045CHAPTER VIII. THE POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN 1526 AND 1529.
420§ 83. The Festivals of Mary.
1046§ 112. The First Diet of Speier, and the Beginning of the Territorial System. 1526.
421§ 84. The Worship of Martyrs and Saints.
1047§ 113. The Emperor and the Pope. The Sacking of Rome, 1527.
422§ 85. Festivals of the Saints.
1048§ 114. A War Panic, 1528.
423§ 86. The Christian Calendar. The Legends of the Saints. The Acta Sanctorum.
1049§ 115. The Second Diet of Speier, and the Protest of 1529.
424§ 87. Worship of Relics. Dogma of the Resurrection. Miracles of Relics.
1050§ 116. The Reconciliation of the Emperor and the Pope. The Crowning of the Emperor. 1529.
425§ 88. Observations on the Miracles of the Nicene Age.
1051§ 117. The Diet of Augsburg.
426§ 89. Processions and Pilgrimages.
1052§ 118. The Negotiations, the Recess, the Peace of Nürnberg.
427§ 90. Public Worship of the Lord’s Day. Scripture-Reading and Preaching.
1053§ 119. The Augsburg Confession.
428§ 91. The Sacraments in General.
1054§ 120. The Roman Confutation and the Protestant Apology.
429§ 92. Baptism.
1055§ 121. The Tetrapolitan Confession.
430§ 93. Confirmation.
1056§ 122. Zwingli’s Confession to the Emperor Charles.
431§ 94. Ordination.
1057§ 123. Luther at the Coburg.
432§ 95. The Sacrament of the Eucharist.
1058§ 124. Luther’s Public Character, and Position in History.
433§ 96. The Sacrifice of the Eucharist.
1059§ 125. Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott.
434§ 97. The Celebration o f the Eucharist.
1060PREFACE.
435§ 98. The Liturgies. Their Origin and Contents.
1061SECOND BOOK
436§ 99. The Oriental Liturgies.
1062CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.
437§ 100. The Occidental Liturgies.
1063§ 1. Switzerland before the Reformation.
438§ 101. Liturgical Vestments. (pt. 1)
1064§ 2. The Swiss Reformation.
439§ 101. Liturgical Vestments. (pt. 2)
1065§ 3. The Genius of the Swiss Reformation compared with the German.
440§ 102. Religion and Art.
1066§ 4. Literature on the Swiss Reformation.
441§ 103. Church Architecture.
1067CHAPTER II. ZWINGLI’S TRAINING.
442§ 104. The Consecration of Churches.
1068§ 5. The Zwingli Literature.
443§ 105. Interior Arrangement of Churches.
1069§ 6. Zwingli’s Birth and Education.
444§ 106. Architectural Style. The Basilicas.
1070§ 7. Zwingli in Glarus.
445§ 107. The Byzantine Style.
1071§ 8. Zwingli in Einsiedeln.
446§ 108. Baptisteries, Grave-Chapels, and Crypts.
1072§ 9. Zwingli and Luther.
447§ 109. Crosses and Crucifixes.
1073§ 10. Zwingli called to Zurich.
448§ 110. Images of Christ.
1074§ 11. Zwingli’s Public Labors and Private Studies.
449§ 111. Images of Madonna and Saints.
1075§ 12. Zwingli and the Sale of Indulgences.
450§ 112. Consecrated Gifts.
1076§ 13. Zwingli during the Pestilence.
451§ 113. Church Poetry and Music.
1077§ 14. The Open Breach. Controversy about Fasts. 1522.
452§ 114. The Poetry of the Oriental Church.
1078§ 15. Petition for the Abolition of Clerical Celibacy. Zwingli’s Marriage.
453§ 115. The Latin Hymn.
1079§ 16. Zwingli and Lambert of Avignon.
454§ 116. The Latin Poets and Hymns.
1080§ 17. The Sixty-seven Conclusions.
455§ 117. General Observations. Doctrinal Importance of the Period. Influence of the Ancient Philosophy.
1081§ 18. The Public Disputations. 1523.
456§ 118. Sources of Theology. Scripture and Tradition.
1082§ 19. The Abolition of the Roman Worship. 1524.
457I. – Trinitarian Controversies.
1083§ 20. The Reformed Celebration of the Lord’s Supper.
458§ 119. The Arian Controversy down to the Council of Nicaea, 318–325.
1084§ 21. Other Changes. A Theological School. The Carolinum. A System of Theology.
459§ 120. The Council of Nicaea, 325.
1085§ 22. The Translation of the Bible. Leo Judae.
460§ 121. The Arian and Semi-Arian Reaction, a.d. 325–361.
1086§ 23. Church and State.
461§ 122. The Final Victory of Orthodoxy, and the Council of Constantinople, 381.
1087§ 24. Zwingli’s Conflict with Radicalism.
462§ 123. The Theological Principles involved: Import of the Controversy.
1088§ 25. The Baptismal Controversy.
463§ 124. Arianism.
1089§ 26. Persecution of the Anabaptists.
464§ 125. Semi-Arianism.
1090§ 27. The Eucharistic Controversy. Zwingli and Luther.
465§ 126. Revived Sabellianism. Marcellus and Photinus.
1091§ 28. The Works of Zwingli.
466§ 127. The Nicene Doctrine of the Consubstantiality of the Son with the Father.
1092§ 29. The Theology of Zwingli.
467§ 128. The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit.
1093§ 30. The Swiss Diet and the Conference at Baden, 1526.
468§ 129. The Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creed.
1094§ 31. The Reformation in Berne.
469§ 130. The Nicene, Doctrine of the Trinity. The Trinitarian Terminology.
1095§ 32. The Reformation in Basel. Oecolampadius.
470§ 131. The Post-Nicene Trinitarian Doctrine of Augustine.
1096§ 33. The Reformation in Glarus. Tschudi. Glarean.
471§ 132. The Athanasian Creed.
1097§ 34. The Reformation in St. Gall, Toggenburg, and Appenzell. Watt and Kessler.
472II. The Origenistic Controversies.
1098§ 35. Reformation in Schaffhausen. Hofmeister.
473§ 133. The Orgenistic Controversy in Palestine. Epiphanius, Rufinus, and Jerome, a.d. 394–399.
1099§ 36. The Grisons (Graubünden).
474§ 134. The Origenistic Controversy in Egypt and Constantinople. Theophilus and Chrysostom a.d. 399–407.
1100§ 37. The Reformation in the Grisons. Comander. Gallicius. Campell.
475III. The Christological Controversies.
1101§ 38. The Reformation in the Italian Valleys of the Grisons. Vergerio.
476§ 135. General View. Alexandrian and Antiochian Schools.
1102§ 39. Protestantism in Chiavenna and the Valtellina, and its Suppression. The Valtellina Massacre. George Jenatsch.
477§ 136. The Apollinarian Heresy, a.d. 362–381.
1103§ 40. The Congregation of Locarno.
478§ 137. The Nestorian Controversy, a.d. 428–431.
1104§ 41. Zwinglianism in Germany.
479§ 138. The Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, a.d. 431. The Compromise.
1105§ 42. The First War of Cappel. 1529.
480§ 139. The Nestorians.
1106§ 43. The First Peace of Cappel. June, 1529.
481§ 140. The Eutychian Controversy. The Council of Robbers, a.d. 449.
1107§ 44. Between the Wars. Political Plains of Zwingli.
482§ 141. The Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451.
1108§ 45. Zwingli’s Last Theological Labors. His Confessions of Faith.
483§ 142. The Orthodox Christology—Analysis and Criticism.
1109§ 46. The Second War of Cappel. 1531.
484§ 143. The Monophysite Controversies.
1110§ 47. The Death of Zwingli.
485§ 144. The Three, Chapters, and the Fifth Ecumenical Council, A.D. 553.
1111§ 48. Reflections on the Disaster at Cappel.
486§ 145. The Monophysite Sects: Jacobites, Copts, Abyssinians, Armenians, Maronites.
1112§ 49. The Second Peace of Cappel. November, 1531.
487IV. The Anthropological Controversies.
1113§ 50. The Roman Catholic Reaction.
488§ 146. Character of the Pelagian Controversy.
1114§ 51. The Relative Strength of the Confessions in Switzerland.
489§ 147. External History of the Pelagian Controversy, A.D. 411–431.
1115§ 52. Zwingli. Redivivus.
490§ 148. The Pelagian Controversy in Palestine.
1116CHAPTER VI. THE PERIOD OF CONSOLIDATION.
491§ 149. Position of the Roman Church. Condemnation of Pelagianism.
1117§ 53. Literature.
492§ 150. The Pelagian System: Primitive State and Freedom of Man; the Fall.
1118§ 54. Heinrich Bullinger. 1504–1575.
493§ 151. The Pelagian System Continued: Doctrine, of Human Ability and Divine Grace.
1119§ 55. Antistes Breitinger (1575–1645).
494§ 152. The Augustinian System: The Primitive State of Man, and Free Will.
1120§ 56. Oswald Myconius, Antistes of Basel.
495§ 153. The Augustinian System: The Fall and its Consequences.
1121§ 57. The Helvetic Confessions of Faith.
496§ 154. The Augustinian System: Original Sin, and the Origin of the Human Soul.
1122THIRD BOOK.
497§ 155. Arguments for the Doctrine of Original Sin and Hereditary Guilt.
1123§ 58. Literature on Calvin and the Reformation in French Switzerland.
498§ 156. Answers to Pelagian Objections.
1124§ 59. The Condition of French Switzerland before the Reformation.
499§ 157. Augustine’s Doctrine of Redeeming Grace.
1125§ 60. William Farel (1489–1565).
500§ 158. The Doctrine of Predestination.
1126§ 61. Farel at Geneva. First Act of the Reformation (1535).
501§ 159. Semi-Pelagianism.
1127§ 62. The Last Labors of Farel.
502§ 160. Victory of Semi-Augustinianism. Council of Orange, A.D. 529. (pt. 1)
1128§ 63. Peter Viret and the Reformation in Lausanne.
503§ 160. Victory of Semi-Augustinianism. Council of Orange, A.D. 529. (pt. 2)
1129§ 64. Antoine Froment.
504I.—THE GREEK FATHERS.
1130CHAPTER VIII. JOHN CALVIN AND HIS WORK.
505§ 161. Eusebius of C sarea.
1131§ 65. John Calvin compared with the Older Reformers.
506§ 162. The Church Historians after Eusebius.
1132§ 66. Calvin’s Place in History.
507§ 163. Athanasius the Great.
1133§ 67. Calvin’s Literary Labors.
508§ 164. Basil the Great.
1134§ 68. Tributes to the Memory of Calvin.
509§ 165. Gregory of Nyssa.
1135§ 69. Calvin’s Youth and Training.
510§ 166. Gregory Nazianzen.
1136§ 70. Calvin as a Student in the French Universities. a.d. 1528–1533.
511§ 167. Didymus of Alexandria.
1137§ 71. Calvin as a Humanist. Commentary on Seneca.
512§ 168. Cyril of Jerusalem.
1138§ 72. Calvin’s Conversion. 1532.
513§ 169. Epiphanius.
1139§ 73. Calvin’s Call.
514§ 170. John Chrysostom.
1140§ 74. The Open Rupture. An Academic Oration. 1533.
515§ 171. Cyril of Alexandria.
1141§ 75. Persecution of the Protestants in Paris. 1534.
516§ 172. Ephraem the Syrian.
1142§ 76. Calvin as a Wandering Evangelist. 1533–1536.
517II.—THE LATIN FATHERS.
1143§ 77. The Sleep of the Soul. 1534.
518§ 173. Lactantius.
1144§ 78. Calvin at Basel. 1535 to 1536.
519§ 174. Hilary of Poitiers.
1145§ 79. Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion.
520§ 175. Ambrose.
1146§ 80. From Basel to Ferrara. The Duchess Renée.
521§ 176. Jerome as a Divine and Scholar.
1147CHAPTER X. CALVIN’S FIRST SOJOURN AND LABORS IN GENEVA. 1536–1538.
522§ 177. The Works of Jerome.
1148§ 81. Calvin’s Arrival and Settlement at Geneva.
523§ 178. Augustine.
1149§ 82. First Labors and Trials.
524§ 179. The Works of Augustine.
1150§ 83. The Reformers introduce Order and Discipline.
525§ 180. The Influence of Augustine upon Posterity and his Relation to Catholicism and Protestantism. (pt. 1)
1151§ 84. Expulsion of the Reformers. 1538.
526§ 180. The Influence of Augustine upon Posterity and his Relation to Catholicism and Protestantism. (pt. 2)
1152§ 85. Calvin in Strassburg.
527LIST OF POPES AND EMPERORS
1153§ 86. The Church of the Strangers in Strassburg.
528APPENDIX TO THE REVISED EDITION, 1884.
1154§ 87. The Liturgy of Calvin.
529CHAPTER I. General Introduction to Mediaeval Church History.
1155§ 88. Calvin as Theological Teacher and Author.
530§ 1. Sources and Literature.
1156§ 89. Calvin at the Colloquies of Frankfurt, Worms, and Regensburg.
531§ 2. The Middle Age. Limits and General Character.
1157§ 90. Calvin and Melanchthon.
532§ 3. The Nations of Mediaeval Christianity. The Kelt, the Teuton, and the Slav.
1158§ 91. Calvin and Sadolet. The Vindication of the Reformation.
533§ 4. Genius of Mediaeval Christianity.
1159§ 92. Calvin’s Marriage and Home Life.
534§ 5. Periods of the Middle Age.
1160CHAPTER XII. CALVIN’S SECOND SOJOURN AND LABORS AT GENEVA. 1541–1564.
535FOURTH PERIOD THE CHURCH AMONG THE BARBARIANS FROM GREGORY I. TO GREGORY VII. A.D. 590 to 1049.
1161§ 93. The State of Geneva after the expulsion of the Reformers.
536§ 6. Character of Mediaeval Missions.
1162§ 94. Calvin’s Recall to Geneva.
537I. THE CONVERSION OF ENGLAND, IRELAND, AND SCOTLAND.
1163§ 95. Calvin’s Return to Geneva. 1541.
538§ 7. Literature.
1164§ 96. The First Years after the Return.
539§ 8. The Britons.
1165§ 97. Survey of Calvin’s Activity.
540§ 9. The Anglo-Saxons.
1166§ 98. Literature.
541§ 10. The Mission of Gregory and Augustin. Conversion of Kent, a.d. 595–604.
1167§ 99. Calvin’s Idea of the Holy Catholic Church.
542§ 11. Antagonism of the Saxon and British Clergy.
1168§ 100. The Visible and Invisible Church.
543§ 12. Conversion of the Other Kingdoms of the Heptarchy.
1169§ 101. The Civil Government.
544§ 13. Conformity to Row Established. Wilfrid, Theodore, Bede.
1170§ 102. Distinctive Principles of Calvin’s Church Polity.
545§ 14. The Conversion of Ireland. St. Patrick and St. Bridget.
1171§ 103. Church and State.
546§ 15. The Irish Church after St. Patrick.
1172§ 104. The Ecclesiastical Ordinances.
547§ 16. Subjection of Ireland to English and Roman Rule.
1173§ 105. The Venerable Company and the Consistory.
548§ 17. The Conversion of Scotland. St. Ninian and St. Kentigern.
1174§ 106. Calvin’s Theory of Discipline.
549§ 18. St. Columba and the Monastery of Iona.
1175§ 107. The Exercise of Discipline in Geneva.
550§ 19. The Culdees.
1176§ 108. Calvin’s Struggle with the Patriots and Libertines.
551§ 20. Extinction of the Keltic Church, and Triumph of Rome under King David I.
1177§ 109. The Leaders of the Libertines and their punishment: — Gruet, Perrin, Ameaux, Vandel, Berthelier.
552II. THE CONVERSION OF FRANCE, GERMANY, AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES.
1178§ 110. Geneva Regenerated. Testimonies Old and New.
553§ 21. Arian Christianity among the Goths and other German Tribes.
1179§ 111. Calvin’s Commentaries.
554§ 22. Conversion of Clovis and the Franks.
1180§ 112. The Calvinistic System.
555§ 23. Columbanus and the Irish Missionaries on the Continent.
1181§ 113. Predestination.
556§ 24. German Missionaries before Boniface.
1182§ 114. Calvinism examined.
557§ 25. Boniface, the Apostle of Germany.
1183§ 115. Calvin’s Theory of the Sacraments.
558§ 26. The Pupils of Boniface. Willibald, Gregory of Utrecht, Sturm of Fulda.
1184§ 116. Baptism.
559§ 27. The Conversion of the Saxons. Charlemagne and Alcuin. The Heliand, and the Gospel-Harmony.
1185§ 117. The Lord’s Supper. The Consensus of Zuerich.
560III. THE CONVERSION 0F SCANDINAVIA.
1186§ 118. Calvin as a Controversialist.
561§ 28. Scandinavian Heathenism.
1187§ 119. Calvin and Pighius.
562§ 29. The Christianization of Denmark. St. Ansgar.
1188§ 120. The Anti-Papal Writings. Criticism of the Council of Trent. 1547.
563§ 30. The Christianization of Sweden.
1189§ 121. Against the German Interim. 1549.
564§ 31. The Christianization of Norway and Iceland.
1190§ 122. Against the Worship of Relics. 1543.
565IV. THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE SLAVS.
1191§ 123. The Articles of the Sorbonne with an Antidote. 1544.
566§ 32. General Survey.
1192§ 124. Calvin and the Nicodemites. 1544.
567§ 33. Christian Missions among the Wends.
1193§ 125. Calvin and Bolsec.
568§ 34. Cyrillus and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs. Christianization of Moravia, Bohemia and Poland.
1194§ 126. Calvin and Castellio.
569§ 35. The Conversion of the Bulgarians.
1195§ 127. Calvinism and Unitarianism. The Italian Refugees.
570§ 36. The Conversion of the Magyars.
1196§ 128. Calvin and Laelius Socinus.
571§ 37. The Christianization of Russia.
1197§ 129. Bernardino Ochino. 1487–1565.
572CHAPTER III. MOHAMMEDANISM IN ITS RELATION TO CHRISTIANITY.136: 136 (pt. 1)
1198§ 130. Caelius Secundus Curio. 1503–1569.
573CHAPTER III. MOHAMMEDANISM IN ITS RELATION TO CHRISTIANITY.136: 136 (pt. 2)
1199§ 131. The Italian Antitrinitarians in Geneva. Gribaldo, Biandrata, Alciati, Gentile.
574§ 48. General Literature on the Papacy.
1200§ 132. The Eucharistic Controversies. Calvin and Westphal.
575§ 49. Chronological Table of the Popes, Anti-Popes, and Roman Emperors from Gregory I. to Leo XIII.
1201§ 133. Calvin and the Augsburg Confession. Melanchthon’s Position in the Second Eucharistic Controversy.
576§ 50. Gregory the Great. a.d. 590–604.
1202§ 134. Calvin and Heshusius.
577§ 51. Gregory and the Universal Episcopate.
1203§ 135. Calvin and the Astrologers.
578§ 52. The Writings of Gregory.
1204§ 136 The Servetus Literature.
579§ 53. The Papacy from Gregory I to Gregory II a.d. 604–715.
1205§ 137. Calvin and Servetus.
580§ 54. From Gregory II to Zacharias. a.d. 715–741.
1206§ 138. Catholic Intolerance.
581§ 55. Alliance of the Papacy with the New Monarchy of the Franks. Pepin and the Patrimony of St. Peter. a.d. 741–755.
1207§ 139. Protestant Intolerance. Judgments of the Reformers on Servetus.
582§ 56. Charles the Great. a.d. 768–814.
1208§ 140. The Early Life of Servetus.
583§ 57. Founding of the Holy Roman Empire, a.d. 800. Charlemagne and Leo III
1209§ 141. The Book against the Holy Trinity.
584§ 58. Survey of the History of the Holy Roman Empire.
1210§ 142. Servetus as a Geographer.
585§ 59. The Papacy and the Empire from the Death of Charlemagne to Nicolas I a.d. 814–858). Note on the Myth of the Papess Joan.
1211§ 143. Servetus as a Physician, Scientist, and Astrologer.
586§ 60. The Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals.
1212§ 144. Servetus at Vienne. His Annotations to the Bible.
587§ 61. Nicolas I., April, 858-Nov. 13, 867.
1213§ 145. Correspondence of Servetus with Calvin and Poupin.
588§ 62. Hadrian II. and John VIII a.d. 867 to 882.
1214§ 146. "The Restitution of Christianity."
589§ 63. The Degradation of the Papacy in the Tenth Century.
1215§ 147. The Theological System of Servetus.
590§ 64. The Interference of Otho the Great.
1216§ 148. The Trial and Condemnation of Servetus at Vienne.
591§ 65. The Second Degradation of the Papacy from Otho I to Henry III. a.d. 973–1046.
1217§ 149. Servetus flees to Geneva and is arrested.
592§ 66. Henry III and the Synod of Sutri. Deposition of three rival Popes. a.d. 1046.
1218§ 150. State of Political Parties at Geneva in 1553.
593CHAPTER V. THE CONFLICT OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN CHURCHES AND THEIR SEPARATION.
1219§ 151. The First Act of the Trial at Geneva.
594§ 67. Sources and Literature.
1220§ 152. The Second Act of the Trial at Geneva.
595§ 68. The Consensus and Dissensus between the Greek and Latin Churches.
1221§ 153. Consultation of the Swiss Churches. The Defiant Attitude of Servetus.
596§ 69. The Causes of Separation.
1222§ 154. Condemnation of Servetus.
597§ 70. The Patriarch and the Pope. Photius and Nicolas.
1223§ 155. Execution of Servetus. Oct. 27, 1553.
598§ 71. Progress and Completion of the Schism. Cerularius.
1224§ 156. The Character of Servetus.
599§ 72. Fruitless Attempts at Reunion.
1225§ 157. Calvin’s Defence of the Death Penalty for Heretics.
600§ 73. Literature.
1226§ 158. A Plea for Religious Liberty. Castellio and Beza.
601§ 74. General Character of Mediaeval Morals.
1227CHAPTER XVII. CALVIN ABROAD.
602§ 75. Clerical Morals.
1228§ 159. Calvin’s Catholicity of Spirit.
603§ 76. Domestic Life.
1229§ 160. Geneva an Asylum for Protestants from all Countries.
604§ 77. Slavery.
1230§ 161. The Academy of Geneva. The High School of Reformed Theology.
605§ 78. Feuds and Private Wars. The Truce of God.
1231§ 162. Calvin’s Influence upon the Reformed Churches of the Continent.
606§ 79. The Ordeal.
1232§ 163. Calvin’s Influence upon Great Britain.
607§ 80. The Torture.
1233CHAPTER XVIII. THE CLOSING SCENES IN CALVIN’S LIFE.
608§ 81. Christian Charity.
1234§ 164. Calvin’s Last Days and Death.
609CHAPTER VII. MONASTICISM.
1235§ 165. Calvin’s Last Will, and Farewells.
610CHAPTER VIII. CHURCH DISCIPLINE.
1236§ 166. Calvin’s Personal Character and Habits.
611CHAPTER IX. CHURCH AND STATE.
1237CHAPTER XIX. THEODORE BEZA.
612§ 88. Legislation.
1238§ 167. Life of Beza to his Conversion.
613§ 89. The Roman Law.
1239§ 168. Beza at Lausanne and as a Delegate to the German Princes.
614§ 90. The Capitularies of Charlemagne.
1240§ 169. Beza at Geneva.
615§ 91. English Legislation.
1241§ 170. Beza at the Colloquy of Poissy.1287
616§ 92. The Mass.
1242§ 171. Beza as the Counsellor of the Huguenot Leaders,
617§ 93. The Sermon.
1243§ 172. Beza as the Successor of Calvin, down to 1586.
618§ 94. Church Poetry. Greek Hymns and Hymnists.
1244§ 173. Beza’s Conferences with Lutherans.
619§ 95. Latin Hymnody. Literature.
1245§ 174. Beza and Henry IV.
620§ 96. Latin Hymns and Hymnists.
1246§ 175. Beza’s Last Days.
621§ 97. The Seven Sacraments.
1247§ 176. Beza’s Writings.
622§ 98. The Organ and the Bell.
1248APPENDIX.
623§ 99. The Worship of Saints.
1249Analysis
624§ 100. The Worship of Images. Literature. Different Theories.
1250Reflection
625§ 101. The Iconoclastic War, and the Synod of 754.
1251Memorable Quotes
626§ 102. The Restoration of Image-Worship by the Seventh Oecumenical Council, 787.
