6Rectilinear Tunnels.
116Centers.
7Curvilinear Tunnels.
117Masonry.
8Form of Section.
118Hauling.
9Dimensions of Section.
119Modifications.
10Earth-Excavating Machines.
120Advantages.
11Rock-Excavating Machines.
121Disadvantages.
12Hand Drills.
122Accidents and Repairs.
13Percussion Drills.
123Excavation.
14Drill Mountings.
124Strutting.
15Rotary Drills.
125Masonry.
16Gunpowder.
126Centering.
17Nitroglycerine.
127Hauling.
18Dynamite.
128Advantages and Disadvantages.
19Storage of Explosives.
129Material Penetrated.
20Fuses.
130Excavation.
21Tamping.
131Strutting.
22Nature of Explosions.
132Centers.
23Division of Section.
133Masonry.
24Excavation of the Heading.
134Accidents.
25Enlargement of the Profile.
135Excavation.
26SHAFTS.
136Strutting.
27Tunnels in Hard Rock.
137Centers.
28Tunnels in Loose Soils.
138Masonry.
29Tunnels in Quicksand.
139Hauling.
30Open-Cut Tunnels.
140Advantages and Disadvantages.
31Submarine Tunnels.
141Conclusion.
32Strutting of Headings.
142Excavation.
33Strutting the Face.
143Strutting.
34Full Section Timber Strutting.
144Centers.
35Strutting of Shafts.
145Hauling.
36Quantity of Timber.
146Excavation.
37Dimensions of Timber.
147Strutting.
38Iron Strutting in Headings.
148Centers.
39Full Section Iron Strutting.
149Masonry.
40Iron Shaft Strutting.
150Advantages and Disadvantages.
41Hauling by Way of Entrances.
151Excavation.
42Hauling by Way of Shafts.
152Strutting.
43Hoisting Machinery.
153Centers.
44Ground Molds.
154Masonry.
45Leading Frames.
155Hauling.
46Setting Up Centers.
156Modifications.
47Lagging.
157Advantages and Disadvantages.
48Striking the Centers.
158Excavation.
49Timber Lining.
159Strutting.
50Iron Lining.
160Masonry.
51Iron and Masonry Lining.
161Removing the Seepage Water.
52Masonry Lining.
162THE PILOT METHOD.
53Foundations.
163Single Longitudinal Trench.
54Side Walls.
164The Single Narrow Longitudinal Trench.
55Roof Arch.
165Parallel Longitudinal Trenches.
56Invert.
166Transverse Trenches.
57General Observations.
167Tunnels on the Surface.
58Thickness of Lining Masonry.
168Concluding Remarks.
59Culverts.
169Conditions of Work.
60Niches.
170Boston Subway.
61Entrances.
171New York Rapid Transit Railway.
62Steam-Power Plant.
172GENERAL DISCUSSION.
63Reservoirs.
173THE SEVERN TUNNEL.
64Canals and Pipe Lines.
174THE MILWAUKEE WATER-WORKS TUNNEL.
65Turbines.
175Historical Introduction.
66Air Compressors.
176Prelini’s Shield.
67Receivers.
177General Form.
68Rock Drills.
178The Shell.
69Excavation.
179Front-End Construction.
70Mont Cenis Power Plant.
180Cellular Division.
71Hoosac Tunnel.
181The Diaphragm.
72Palisades Tunnel.
182Rear-end Construction.
73Croton Aqueduct Tunnel.
183Jacks.
74Strickler Tunnel.
184LINING.
75Niagara Falls Power Tunnel.
185THE SHIELD AND COMPRESSED AIR METHOD. THE HUDSON RIVER TUNNEL OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
76Cascade Tunnel.
186Shield.
77Graveholz Tunnel.
187Hydraulic Rams.
78Sonnstein Tunnel.
188Erector.
79St. Clair River Tunnel.
189Air Locks.
80General Description.
190Excavation.
81Geological Conditions.
191Rock.
82Survey.
192Mixed Face.
83Method of Checking Alinement.
193Sand and Gravel.
84Details of Tunnels.
194Silt.
85Method of Excavation.
195Lining.
86Transport (Italian Side).
196Grouting.
87Method of Working.
197Hauling.
88Power Station.
198Plant.
89Ventilation.
199Illumination.
90Material Penetrated.
200The Cofferdam Method.—The Van Buren Street Tunnel, Chicago River.—
91Cross-Section.
201VAN BUREN STREET TUNNEL, CHICAGO.
92Excavation.
202The Harlem River Tunnel.
93Strutting.
203The Tunnel under the Seine River.
94Hauling.
204The Detroit River Tunnel.
95Concrete Lining.
205Accidents During Construction.
96Plant.
206Causes of Collapse.
97Ventilation.
207Prevention of Collapse.
98Illumination.
208Repairing Failures.
99General Discussion.
209Accidents After Construction.
100Material Penetrated.
210Giovi Tunnel Accident.
101Excavation.
211Chattanooga Tunnel.
102Strutting.
212Mullan Tunnel.
103Masonry.
213Little Tom Tunnel.
104Mechanical Installation.
214Natural Ventilation.
105Hauling.
215Artificial Ventilation.
106Material.
216Vacuum Method Contrivances.
107Excavation.
217Plenum Method Contrivances.
108Strutting.
218Saccardo’s System.
109Hauling.
219Compressed Air.
110Lining.
