'The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam' is a collection of poems translated from Persian by Edward FitzGerald. The poems were originally written by Omar Khayyam, a renowned philosopher and mathematician during the Middle Ages. The poems capture Khayyam's contemplation about life and death, exploring profound themes such as fate, free will, mortality, and the meaning and transience of human life. The term "Rubaiyat" refers to the poetic form in which these verses are written. The book is famous for its evocative and lyrical language that immerses readers in philosophical musings on existence.