THE PROMISED LAND
The Great Migration and the Making of Black Urban America, 1910-1970By Lorraine Evelyn Booker
Length5h 53m
About this audiobook
The complete narrative history of the Great Migration — six million Black Americans, the Chicago Defender, Jim Crow's South, redlining, the Chicago blues, and the making of Black urban America, 1910-1970.
Between 1910 and 1970, six million Black Americans left the South for the cities of the North and West. They carried copies of the Chicago Defender passed hand to hand at real personal risk. They left Mississippi Delta cotton fields devastated by the boll weevil and arrived in Chicago and Detroit seeking wages instead of sharecrop debts. Their decisions, multiplied six million times, remade the geography of African American life and forced racial equality onto the national stage.
Historian Lorraine Evelyn Booker, granddaughter of Georgia migrants who arrived in Detroit in 1944, traces the full arc of the Great Migration from the boll weevil's destruction of the Delta cotton economy through the deindustrialization that hollowed out Black neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s. Across twenty-four chapters she follows the migrants through the Jim Crow South that drove them out, the northern cities that received them, and the extraordinary Black urban culture they built.
Inside this African American history book:
Jim Crow's architecture — more than 4,000 lynchings between 1880 and 1940, poll-tax disenfranchisement, and sharecropping debt cycles that replicated slavery in nominally free form (Chapter 1)
The boll weevil's push — a beetle from Mexico destroyed fifty-percent-plus cotton yields by the 1920s, eliminating the slim margin that made staying tolerable (Chapter 2)
Redlining and the northern ghetto — restrictive covenants, the 1919 Chicago race riot, and how white exclusion—not Black preference—created segregated neighborhoods in every receiving city (Chapter 13)
Muddy Waters at Chess Records — McKinley Morganfield, born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi in 1913, recorded acoustic Delta blues for the Library of Congress in 1941, plugged in at Chess in 1948, and turned a regional music into the sound of the century (Chapter 17)
Mahalia Jackson's dream — the gospel tradition migrants carried north from New Orleans reached the Lincoln Memorial in 1963 when she called out: "Tell them about the dream, Martin!" (Chapter 15)
Black Wall Street destroyed — Tulsa's Greenwood District, thirty-five blocks burned and three hundred killed in 1921, and what it meant for Black wealth-building (Chapter 14)
The Great Migration built the communities that organized the civil rights movement and gave American music its most enduring forms. Understanding contemporary America requires understanding this migration and what it cost. The African American history of the twentieth century begins here.
For readers of Isabel Wilkerson's THE WARMTH OF OTHER SUNS and Clint Smith's HOW THE WORD IS PASSED.
Audiobook details
GenreHistory, Psychology
Length5 hrs 53 mins
Narrated byListen with 1,000+ voices
FormateBook with Audio
LanguageEnglish
Table of contents
1Introduction
20Chapter 13: The Ghetto — Housing Segregation, Redlining, and Restricted Neighborhoods
2Author’s Note
21Chapter 14: Black Business — The Separate Economy Within the Segregated City
3Prologue: Going North
22Chapter 15: The Black Church in the North — Spiritual Life and Community Institution
4PART ONE: THE WORLD THAT DROVE THE MIGRATION
23Chapter 16: Violence and Resistance — Race Riots, Police Brutality, and Urban Struggle
5Chapter 1: Jim Crow's South — Segregation, Sharecropping, and Daily Terror
24PART FIVE: THE CULTURE OF THE MIGRATION
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6Chapter 2: The Boll Weevil — Agricultural Disruption and the Push to Leave
25Chapter 17: The Blues Goes North — Chicago Blues and the Electrification of Black Music
7Chapter 3: The Pull of the North — Labor Recruitment, the Chicago Defender, and Black Networks
26Chapter 18: The Black Press — The Chicago Defender, the Pittsburgh Courier, and Journalism
8Chapter 4: The First Wave — 1910-1930 and the Initial Movement
27Chapter 19: Ida B. Wells, Richard Wright, and the Literature of Migration
9PART TWO: THE DESTINATION CITIES
28Chapter 20: Food, Language, and Custom — Southern Culture in the Northern City
10Chapter 5: Chicago — The Black Metropolis and the South Side
29PART SIX: LEGACIES
11Chapter 6: New York — Harlem, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and the City
30Chapter 21: The Civil Rights Movement's Urban Roots — How the Migration Built Black Political Power
12Chapter 7: Detroit — The Auto Industry and Black Industrial Labor
31Chapter 22: Deindustrialization — When the Jobs Left and the Cities Declined
13Chapter 8: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and the Industrial North's Black Communities
32Chapter 23: The Reverse Migration — Black Americans Return to the South
14PART THREE: THE SECOND GREAT MIGRATION (1940-1970)
33Chapter 24: The Great Migration's Legacy — A Transformation That Remade America
15Chapter 9: World War II and Black Labor — Defense Industries and the Urban Opportunity
34Epilogue: What the Migration Made
16Chapter 10: The Western Migration — Los Angeles, Oakland, and the Pacific Coast
35Acknowledgments
17Chapter 11: The Postwar North — Returning Veterans and the Civil Rights Connection
36Selected Bibliography
18Chapter 12: The Final Wave — 1950-1970 and the Transformation of Northern Cities
37About the Author
19PART FOUR: LIFE IN THE NORTHERN CITY
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