1Preface
1447.1 What Is Organic?
2Chapter 1. Overview of Soil Physical Analysis
1457.1.1 Organic Matter In The Soil
31.1 Introduction
1467.1.2 Other Sources of SOM
41.1.1 What Is Soil?
147The wastes:
51.1.2 Composition Of Soil
148Industrial wastes:
6Minerals:
1497.1.3 Organic Matters Contribution As A Percentage
7Organic matters:
150Humus:
8Water:
151Humification process:
9Air:
152Humified humus:
101.2 Kinds of soils
153Fully humified humus:
111.3 Soil textures
154Dead organic matters:
121.3.1 Methods
155Soil fauna:
13Texture by feel:
156Microorganisms in the soil:
142. Hydrometer test:
157Decomposing matters:
153. Pipette methods
158Biological process:
164. Quick test
159Aerobic decomposition:
175.The squeeze test
160Anaerobic decomposition:
186. The jar test
161Chemical decomposition:
197. Particulate organic matter (POM):
1627.2 Soil degradation
201.4 Summary
1637.2.1 Under The Soil
211.5 Question
164Carbohydrate decomposition
221.6 References
165Lipid decomposition:
23Chapter 2. Soil Horizons
166Bone degradation:
242.1 Layers of soil
1677.3 Functions of soil organic matters
252.1.1 Horizon Or Topsoils
1687.3.1 Biological Functions
262.1.2 Subsoil
1697.3.2 Physical Functions
272.1.3 The Parent Rock
1707.3.3 Chemical Properties
282.2 Types of soils
1717.4 Analysis of soil organic matters
292.2.1 Solid Soil
1727.5 Summary
30Sand soil:
1737.6 Questions
31Loamy soil:
1747.7 Reference
32MIX:: Sandy and loamy soil:
175Chapter 8. Soil Temperature
33Silt soil:
1768.1 Ideal soil temperature
34Clay soil:
1778.1.1 Ideal Temperatures
35Peat soil:
1788.1.2 Estimation Of Soil Temperature
36Chalky soil:
1798.1.3 Soil Temperatures Tool
372.3 Summary
180Its Two forms
382.4 Questions
181For measurement at small depths:
392.5 References
182For measurement at great and deep depth:
40Chapter 3. Colors Of The Soil
1838.2 Insulator for protecting the soil or maintaining the correct temperature
413.1 Introduction
1848.2.1 Mulch
423.2 Different types of soil color
185Organic mulch:
433.2.1 Black Soil
186Inorganic mulches:
443.2.2 Red Soil
1878.3 Compaction
45Autochthonous group:
1888.4 Soil moisture
46Allochthonous group:
1898.4.1 Gravitational Water
473.2.3 Grey Soil
1908.4.2 Capillary Water
483.2.4 Alluvial Soil
1918.4.3 Hygroscopic Water
493.2.5 Yellow Soil
1928.4.4 Soil Shades
503.3 World soil
1938.4.5 Exposure
513.3.1 Soil Map Of Canada
1948.5 Summary
523.3.2 Soil Map of India
1958.6 Questions
533.3.3 Soil Mapping in the USA
1968.7 Reference
543.3.4 Soil types in GMS Countries
197Chapter 9. Soil Borne Diseases
553.3.5 Soil Mapping for Europe
1989.1 Introduction
563.4 Summary
1999.1.1 Soil Borne
573.5 Questions
2009.1.2 Reason Why It Is Caused
583.6 References
2019.2 Pathogens
59Chapter 4. Soil Movement And The Tillage Practices
2029.2.1 Long Time Visitors
604.1 Soil analysis for construction site
2039.2.2 Short Time Visitors
614.1.1 Movements In Soil
2049.2.3 Types of Soil-borne Pathogens
624.1.2 Soil Movement By Tillage And Other Activities: Tillage:
205Pre-emergence damping-off:
634.1.3 Father Of Tillage
206Post-emergence damping-off:
644.1.4 Types Of Tillage
2079.2.4 Reasons For Damping Off
65On season tillage:
2089.2.5 Symptoms
66Preparatory tillage:
2099.3 Fungi
67Primary tillage:
2109.3.1 Root Rots
68Secondary tillage:
211Causes:
69Inter tillage:
212Symptoms:
70Off-season tillage:
213What can easily affect by fungi?
71Post-harvest tillage
2149.3.2 Stem Rots
72Summer tillage
215Symptoms:
73Winter tillage
216How it spread?
74Fallow tillage
2179.4 Bacteria
75Special-purpose tillage:
2189.4.1 Bacterial Soft Rots
76Sub-soiling:
2199.4.2 What Is Easily Affected By Such Bacterial Pathogens?
77Clean tillage:
2209.4.3 Symptoms
78Blind tillage:
2219.4.4 How Do Bacteria Grow?
79Dry tillage
2229.4.5 How To Stop Bacterial Soft Rot Spread?
80Wet tillage or puddling:
223Sanitary practices:
81Modern concepts in tillage:
224Proper facilities:
82Minimum tillage:
225Ventilation facilities:
83Row zone tillage:
226Proper drainage:
84Plough plant tillage:
227Control measures:
85Wheel track tillage:
2289.5 Nematodes
862. Zero tillage (No tillage):
2299.5.1 How Does It Look?
873. Stubble mulch tillage or stubble mulch farming:
2309.5.2 About Nematodes
883. Conservation tillage:
2319.5.3 Spreading
894.2 Wind and Water Erosion
2329.6 Viruses: 9.6.1 Types Of Viruses
904.3 Summary
2339.7 Controlling soil-borne diseases
914.4 Questions
2349.8 Summary
924.5 References
2359.9 Questions
93Chapter 5. Test Of Soil
2369.10 Reference
945.1 Introduction
237Chapter 10. Soil And The Environment
955.2 Moisture content test
23810.1 Introduction
965.2.1 Calcium Carbide Test
23910.1.1 Major Soil Erosion
975.2.2 Oven Drying Method
24010.1.2 What Is Soil Erosion?
985.2.3 Sand Bath Method
24110.1.3 Causes Of Soil Erosion
995.2.4 Radiation Methods
242On-site effects:
1005.2.5 Alcohol Methods
243Off-site effects:
1015.3 Gravity Test
24410.1.4 Factors Affecting Soil Erosion: Rainfall and surface runoff:
1025.3.1 Pycnometer Methods
24510.1.5 Types Of Soil Erosion
1035.3.2 Density Bottle Test
246Splash erosion:
1045.4 Atterberg Limit Test
247Sheet erosion:
1055.4.1 Shrinking Limit Test
248Rill erosion:
1065.4.2 Liquid Limit Test
249Gully erosion:
1075.4.3 Plastic Limit
250Bank erosion:
1085.5 Summary
251Roughness in soil:
1095.6 Questions
252Soil Erodibility: What is soil erodibility?
1105.7 Reference
25310.1.6 How Does Soil Erosion Affect Climate Change?
111Chapter 6. Soil Physical Analysis
254The common effects of soil erosion:
1126.1 Soil analysis
255What Are the Impacts of Soil Erosion?
1136.1.1 Soil Testing Is A Three-Step Process
25610.1.7 What Solutions Exist to Prevent Soil Erosion?
1146.1.2 Objectives
2571. Use Soil-friendly Agricultural Practices
1156.2 Soil sampling
2582. Offer Incentives for Land Management
1166.2.1 Purpose Of Soil Sampling
2593. Prevention and Rehabilitation
1176.2.2 Timing For Sampling
26010.2 Summary
1186.2.3 Sampling Area
26110.3 Questions
1196.2.4 Depth Of The Sample
26210.4 Reference
1206.2.5 Collection Of Sampling
263Glossary
1211. Random sampling:
264Index
1222. Non-random sampling:
265A
1233. Grid sampling:
266B
124How Is Grid Soil Selected?
267C
125Grid cell method:
268D
126Gridpoint method:
269E
1274. Zone sampling:
270F
128Yield sampling test:: Results:
271G
129Topography unit sampling:
272H
130GPS:
273I
1316.3 Geographic information system
274L
1326.3.1 Tools Required
275M
1336.3.2 Prior Steps Before Sampling
276N
1346.3.3 The Actual Sampling Process Starts Here
277O
1356.3.4 Caution
278P
1366.3.5 Frequency Of Soil Sampling
279R
1376.3.6 When To Sample And Test
280S
1386.3.7 Intense Soil Sampling
281T
1396.3.8 Soil Sampling Summary
282V
1406.4 Summary
283W
1416.5 Questions
284Y
1426.6 Reference
285Z
143Chapter 7. Organic Matter Analysis
