Spirituality and Religion

The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Annotated)

Enriched Edition. Gods, Myths, Temples, and Rituals in Ancient Mesopotamian ReligionBy Morris Jastrow

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Morris Jastrow's The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria is a foundational study of Mesopotamian belief, tracing the development of gods, myths, ritual practices, temple institutions, divination, and ethical ideas from early Babylonian culture through Assyrian adaptation. Written in the lucid, comparative style of late nineteenth-century Semitic scholarship, the work situates cuneiform discoveries within the broader history of ancient Near Eastern religion, showing how local cults, political power, and theological speculation shaped a complex sacred world. Jastrow, a distinguished American Orientalist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania, was among the scholars who helped bring Assyriology into wider academic and public discussion. His training in Semitic languages, his engagement with newly translated inscriptions, and his interest in the relation between religion and civilization all inform the book's method. He writes as a philologist, historian, and interpreter of culture. This volume is recommended to readers seeking a learned introduction to Mesopotamian religion and to the intellectual history of early Assyriology. Though some conclusions reflect its era, the book remains valuable for its synthesis, clarity, and enduring scholarly ambition. This enriched edition has been carefully crafted to add value to your reading experience. - Hand‐picked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance. - Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

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Audiobook details

GenreSpirituality and Religion

Length26 hrs 14 mins

Narrated byListen with 1,000+ voices

FormateBook with Audio

Publish dateNov 25, 2023

LanguageEnglish

1The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Annotated)

97Nin-ib.

2THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA.

98Gula.

3CHAPTER I.—INTRODUCTION.

99Nergal.

4SOURCES AND METHODS OF STUDY.

100Sin.

5I.

101Nusku.

Show all chapters

6II.

102Bel-Marduk.

7III.

103Bel.

8IV.

104Belit.

9CHAPTER II.

105Sarpanitum.

10THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE.

106Nabu.

11I.

107Tashmitum.

12II.

108Ea.

13III.

109Damkina.

14IV.

110Nin-gal.

15V.

111Dibharra.

16CHAPTER III.

112Damku, Sharru-ilu, and Sha-nit(?) -ka.

17GENERAL TRAITS OF THE OLD BABYLONIAN PANTHEON.

113CHAPTER XIII.

18CHAPTER IV.

114THE TRIAD AND THE COMBINED INVOCATION OF DEITIES.

19BABYLONIAN GODS PRIOR TO THE DAYS OF HAMMURABI.

115CHAPTER XIV.

20En-lil or Bel.

116THE NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD.

21Nin-lil or Belit.

117CHAPTER XV.

22Nin-khar-sag. [27]

118THE RELIGIOUS LITERATURE OF BABYLONIA.

23Nin-girsu.

119CHAPTER XVI.

24Bau.

120THE MAGICAL TEXTS.

25Ga-tum-dug. [38]

121Demons.

26En-ki or Ea.

122Sorcerers and Sorceresses.

27Nin-a-gal,

123The Exorcisers.

28Nergal.

124The Gods of the Incantation Texts.

29Shamash.

125The Ritual and Formulas.

30Utu.

126Incantations and Prayers.

31Â.

127CHAPTER XVII.

32Nannar and Sin.

128THE PRAYERS AND HYMNS.

33Innanna.

129CHAPTER XVIII.

34Nanâ.

130PENITENTIAL PSALMS.

35Ishtar.

131CHAPTER XIX.

36Ninâ.

132ORACLES AND OMENS.

37Anu.

133Dreams.

38Nin-si [78] -a.

134CHAPTER XX.

39Gal-alim.

135VARIOUS CLASSES OF OMENS.

40Nin-shakh

136Omens From Planets and Stars.

41Dun-shagga.

137Omen Calendars.

42Lugal-banda.

138Omens From Terrestrial Phenomena.

43Nin-gul.

139Omens from the Actions of Animals.

44Dumuzi-zu-aba.

140Omens From Dreams.

45Dumu-zi,

141Omens From Individual Experiences.

46Lugal-erima.

142CHAPTER XXI.

47Nin-e-gal and Ningal.

143THE COSMOLOGY OF THE BABYLONIANS.

48Nin-gish-zida,

144CHAPTER XXII.

49Shul (or Dun) -pa-uddu.

145THE ZODIACAL SYSTEM OF THE BABYLONIANS.

50Nin-Mar.

146Planets, Stars, and Calendar.

51Pa-sag.

147CHAPTER XXIII.

52Nisaba (or Nidaba) .

148THE GILGAMESH EPIC.

53KU(?) -Anna.

149CHAPTER XXIV.

54Umu,

150MYTHS AND LEGENDS.

55Nin-akha-kuddu, [105]

151The Etana Legend.

56CHAPTER V.

152The Legend of Dibbarra.

57THE CONSORTS OF THE GODS.

153The Myth of the Storm-God Zu.

58CHAPTER VI.

154The Adapa Legend.

59GUDEA'S PANTHEON.

155CHAPTER XXV.

60CHAPTER VII.

156THE VIEWS OF LIFE AFTER DEATH.

61SUMMARY.

157Location and Names of the Gathering Place of the Dead.

62CHAPTER VIII.

158The Condition of the Dead and the Impossibility of an Escape from Aralû.

63THE PANTHEON IN THE DAYS OF HAMMURABI.

159The Pantheon of Aralû.

64Marduk.

160The Tombs and the Burial Customs.

65Sarpanitum.

161CHAPTER XXVI.

66Nabu.

162THE TEMPLES AND THE CULT.

67Tashmitum.

163The Construction and Character of the Zikkurats.

68Ea.

164The Temple and the Sacred Quarter.

69Ea and Marduk.

165The Names of the Zikkurats and Temples.

70Damkina.

166The History of the Temples.

71Shamash.

167The Sacred Objects in the Temples,—Altars, Vases, Images, Basins, Ships.

72Innanna.

168The Priests and Priestesses.

73Bel and the Triad of Babylonian Theology.

169Sacrifices and Votive Offerings.

74Anu, Bel, and Ea.

170Festivals.

75Belit.

171CHAPTER XXVII.

76Anu and Anatum.

172CONCLUSION.

77Ramman.

173General Estimate and Influence.

78CHAPTER IX.

174BIBLIOGRAPHY.

79THE GODS IN THE TEMPLE LISTS AND IN THE LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL DOCUMENTS.

175NOTE.

80CHAPTER X.

176BIBLIOGRAPHY.

81THE MINOR GODS IN THE PERIOD OF HAMMURABI.

177I.

82Gula.

178Excavations.—Method of Decipherment.—History of Babylonia and Assyria.—Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian And Assyrian Culture.—General Bibliography.

83Malik and Bunene.

179II.

84Nin-igi-nangar-bu, Gushgin-banda, Nin-kurra, and Nin-zadim.

180III.

85CHAPTER XI.

181IV.

86SURVIVALS OF ANIMISM IN THE BABYLONIAN RELIGION.

182V.

87Anunnaki and Igigi.

183VI.

88CHAPTER XII.

184VII.